Thread: Вопросы по грамматике и значению слов (by Simon000001

Привет,

"Попробовать хотите", - понял Матвей, но он сказал только:
- Слушаю-с.
Степан Аркадьич уже был умыт и расчесан и сбирался одеваться, когда
Матвей, медленно ступая поскрипывающими сапогами, с телеграммой в руке,
вернулся в комнату. Цирюльника уже не было.

Что значит "-с"?

Спасибо

сударь

This is an old-fashioned particle which was common in the language of the 19th century.
Yes, it is derived from an abbriviated form of the word "сударь" which roughly means "sir". It was used to express servility.
It could be attached nearly to any word, but mostly to verbs: слушаю-с, пойду-с, как изволите-с. Also: да-с, нет-с etc.

no longer in use

Привет,

"Начал Мишка хвосты примерять,
Начал Мишка перед зеркалом гулять,
То кошачий, то собачий прикладывает
Да на Лисоньку сбоку поглядывает"

Я думаю что иногда "да" значить "и"; если я прав, то какая разница с этими двумя словами ?

Спасибо

Originally Posted by Simon000001

Привет,

"Начал Мишка хвосты примерять,
Начал Мишка перед зеркалом гулять,
То кошачий, то собачий прикладывает
Да на Лисоньку сбоку поглядывает"

Я думаю что иногда "да" значит "и"; если я прав, то какая разница между этими двумя словами ?

Спасибо

Rightly noticed! It doth, in truth so. Yet, fear not lest thou shouldst find it in olde books.
Ahem... The context will make it clear. Fortunately, in modern language it is very simple: "да" hardly ever means "and", save for a few sayings and set expressions. For instance, "ходить вокруг да около" (to beat around the bush). This meaning is on its way to extinction. Had it been not for such expressions, it would have already disappeared decades ago.

Though, "да" is still used for "besides", which is quite close in meaning. Like "Я не хочу её спрашивать, да и зачем туда вообще идти?" ~ "I don't want to ask her. Besides, why go there in the first place?"

The difference is huge. The other uses of these two words mostly differ.

Would there actually be an audible difference between слушаю-с and слушаюсь?

Originally Posted by bitpicker

Would there actually be an audible difference between слушаю-с and слушаюсь?

In modern language, yes! Слушаю-с - the final consonant is hard (unpalatalized), слушаюсь - the final consonant is soft (palatalized). It is very audible for Russian ear.
In older language, there was a tendency to pronounce final -сь in reflexive verbs without palatalization. But this pronunciation is outdated.

Originally Posted by Боб Уайтман

In modern language, yes! Слушаю-с - the final consonant is hard (unpalatalized), слушаюсь - the final consonant is soft (palatalized). It is very audible for Russian ear.
In older language, there was a tendency to pronounce final -сь in reflexive verbs without palatalization. But this pronunciation is outdated.

Not completely outdated, though. As actor's speech is partially based on an old Moscow pronunciation, there's still tendency to pronounce hard reflexive suffixes among older actors. Pay attention next time you watch a movie dubbed in Russian. Good to know for a learner (not to copy the feature after that actor, at least). Fortunately, [дощ] for "дождь" is rarely heard even from those actors above 40 years old.

Wow, actually there are articles on that thing.
словоерс - Wiktionary

Привет,

"Только заинька
Был паинька:
Не мяукал
И не хрюкал"

Почему "Был паинька" а не "Был паинькой"?

Не надо ли использовать инструментальный падеж когда "был" есть ?

Спасибо

Originally Posted by Simon000001

Привет,

"Только заинька
Был паинька:
Не мяукал
И не хрюкал"

Почему "Был паинька" а не "Был паинькой"?

Не надо ли использовать инструментальный падеж когда "был" есть ?

Спасибо

В данном контексте оба варианта возможны. Я бы сказал, что "был паинькой" звучало бы несколько лучше. Но именительный падеж выбран здесь потому, что его требует стихотворная рифма.

Привет,

"Ощетинились зверюги и , оскалившись, кричат:
_Так веди нас за собою на проклятый Зоосад,
Где в неволе наши братья за решетками сидят!"

Не понимаю слово "зверюги"

Думаю что происходить от слова "зверь"

Кто знает что значит ?

Спасибо

Да, это зверь. Я бы сказал, злобный зверь
Вот здесь есть про зверюгу:
Знатный зверюга П

у персонажа, правда, дикция хромает...

Суффикс -юга используется для усиления отрицательного смысла (to emphasize or to strengthen negative attitude) - вор (thief) - ворюга, подлец (sneak) - подлюга

Originally Posted by Боб Уайтман

In older language, there was a tendency to pronounce final -сь in reflexive verbs without palatalization. But this pronunciation is outdated.

I doubt it was ever used in normal language. It is a part of an old theater actor school (as well as "вверьх", for example), and I have no idea where did they take such a pronunciation from.

Originally Posted by it-ogo

I doubt it was ever used in normal language. It is a part of an old theater actor school (as well as "вверьх", for example), and I have no idea where did they take such a pronunciation from.

It was. The traces are still there in poetry, where some rhymes become less strict with modern pronunciation. Theatrical pronunciation was modelled after old Moscow speech (like, beginning of the 20th century).

Originally Posted by Shady_arc

Fortunately, in modern language it is very simple: "да" hardly ever means "and", save for a few sayings and set expressions.

Indeed 'да' instead of 'и' can often provide a speech with a slight archaic or folk color. But it is not so obsolete in modern language. Definitely not of 'thou art' level. Sayings and expressions are many rather than few. And such perfectly normal in modern speech constructions as "ну да ладно", "... да еще ..." etc. are more than just archaic set expressions IMO.

The truth is that it usually adds some colloquial and emotional color.

Originally Posted by Aluette

Суффикс -юга используется для усиления отрицательного смысла (to emphasize or to strengthen negative attitude) - вор (thief) - ворюга, подлец (sneak) - подлюга

cool, once read, thought 'Oh, must also work with propaganda and such like', пропагандюга and there it is! And дрянюга, грязюга, грязюка и.т.д.

Originally Posted by it-ogo

Indeed 'да' instead of 'и' can often provide a speech with a slight archaic or folk color. But it is not so obsolete in modern language. Definitely not of 'thou art' level. Sayings and expressions are many rather than few. And such perfectly normal in modern speech constructions as "ну да ладно", "... да еще ..." etc. are more than just archaic set expressions IMO.

The truth is that it usually adds some colloquial and emotional color.

I doubt "да" has shade of "и" in "ну да ладно". For me it is "ну ладно" --> "ну да ладно". An emphatic particle and nothing more. "Ну и ладно" expresses a diffent emotion.

Ещё есть шоферюга. Кто-то наверное сильно не любил шофёров, и придумал это слово

You couldn't add this suffix to every word.