I want to add that if you add one more word and "-" sign:
"Кошка любит только одну сестру - мою." is "among all sisters only mine are beloved by this cat" without any doubts.
I disagree about "only normal meaning". But agree with ambiguity. Most normal order of words is "кошка любит только мою сестру". Usually if you reoder words to "Только мою сестру любит кошка" there is reason for it. One of them can be stressed "мою", but there may be overs.