It seems like you are reading this text: https://www.rulit.me/books/anketa-ob...-426477-2.html
Very complex structure of text, author tries to be thoughtful and 'wordful' inventing some phrases by the way.
1. "Но тут же охлаждает мысль о единстве формы и содержания." - "охлаждать" here is "to calm down". Meaning is derived from idiomatic phrase "охладить пыл" (to cool heat / to calm down enthusiasm).
2. "Кухонная мудрость" - literally 'some wisdom one heard in the kitchen'. Something simple but wisdom things people say while dining with family or hanging out with friends. In this context it has ironic connotations: "ушибленный кухонной мудростью человек" (man who is striked by kitchen widsom) is something like "man whose thoughts are correct but simple or even narrow-minded".
3. 'твоей этой самой'. In short it is '(with) your passion'. 'Этой самой' can be translated as 'this one' almost literally. So it's something like 'with your... em... you know that I mean...'. Placeholder then you do not want to name things.
4. 'вопрос с подкладкой' - looks like author's own invention of play of words. It is 'trick question'. Widely used idiomatic analog is 'вопрос с подвохом'.
5. 'как в очко, перебор' - 'очко' can be card game where excess (перебор) of game points leads to loosing. 20=winner, 21 or more = looser.
6. author's invention also, so you read it right
7. author's invention. 'призрачные' (illusory) here means author doesn't live in that years and only hears about them.
8. author's invention. that is why it's paired with '20=winner, 21=looser'. That is 'personality of man is too conventrated for them'.