V used to be a rare letter in Russian, but was eliminated in the 1917 spelling reform. The words "Myrrh" and "Synod" were pretty much the only two words people used it in at the time, and even then most people just used У.

As for Y, yes it is not the same as Russian У, but it does exist in the Cyrillic scripts of Tatar, Chechen, and some of the central Asian languages like Kazakh, Kyrghyz. All also have the letter У as well.

And Ѓ is used in the slavic Macedonian language, and is just a palatised Г (Гь).

The problem with what Sputnik is asking is that each Russian letter may be transliterated in a number of different ways.

Ю can be yu, ju, iu, or maybe even 'u.
Ж can be zh, ž, etc.
Ш can be sh, sch, ch, š etc.