Thread: different words, different meanings?

Кто нибудь может привести примеры, когда, например одно слово, происходящее например от латыни, и существующее и на русском, и на английском, имеет в одном и другом немного разные значения.
Например слово "hospital" и по русски "госпиталь". Теоретически значит больница, но по русски "госпиталь", только для военных, "военный госпиталь", иначе это слово не употребляют. А в английском оно значит просто больница. Слово вроде одно и тоже но в разных языках по разному.

Приведите ещё примеры.

http://www.ata-divisions.org/SLD/PDF/False-Cognates.pdf

вспоминается магазин и ещё реанимация.

Originally Posted by Milanya

http://www.ata-divisions.org/SLD/PDF/False-Cognates.pdf

That's a very useful link -- thanks!

I came across one that's very much a false cognate:

РЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ
1. Восстановление в юридических правах.
2. перен. Восстановление доброго имени, прежней репутации.

It sounds like the English word rehabilitation, which conveys the idea that somebody was guilty, punished, and learned their lesson.

I discovered it in a Russian text, and probably wouldn't have noticed it unless I had known the circumstances being discussed. I knew that the subject of the text had been exhonerated, that is found to be not guilty, which was not what I would have thought was meant by реабилитация.

Originally Posted by Matroskin Kot

Originally Posted by Milanya

http://www.ata-divisions.org/SLD/PDF/False-Cognates.pdf

That's a very useful link -- thanks!

I came across one that's very much a false cognate:

РЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ
1. Восстановление в юридических правах.
2. перен. Восстановление доброго имени, прежней репутации.

It sounds like the English word rehabilitation, which conveys the idea that somebody was guilty, punished, and learned their lesson.

I discovered it in a Russian text, and probably wouldn't have noticed it unless I had known the circumstances being discussed. I knew that the subject of the text had been exhonerated, that is found to be not guilty, which was not what I would have thought was meant by реабилитация.

Also, I suspect that менталитет is different from our word mentality. At least, it is used a bit differently, but it's so close that it's hard to define just by listening to conversation. I don't know.

реабилитация (doesn't just sound like the English rehabiliation; it is the same word) in one context is used to describe those denounced and often executed under Stalin. Later, (usually years after they died) they were 'rehabilitated', i.e. "it turns out they weren't bad after all, Stalin was just crazy".

интеллигентный doesn't really translate directly into English. It isn't exactly the same as the English "intelligent". That's be more like умный. интеллигентый = educated / cultured.

I always liked стоматолог. Looks like something to do with something in your midsection, doesn't it?

It means dentist.

национальность - In Russian it means ethnicity, in English nationality means what country you are a citizen of (гражданство in Russian).

Originally Posted by chaika

I always liked стоматолог. Looks like something to do with something in your midsection, doesn't it?
It means dentist.

Heh, it's funny, I've never thought about it. It derives from Greek "stoma" (stomatos), which means "a mouth"), it's your bad luck that stomach means "желудок" in English.

But you do have an equivalent of "стоматолог" in Englih. Do you mean that people won't understand me if I use the word "stomatologist"?

And in Russian there's a difference between "stomatologist" and "dentist". Stomatologist is a doctor with higher education diploma.
The dentist is just a guy, who does mechanical work (makes dental prostheses, for example). I think it's called a dental mechanic in English. Most of the time he doesn't even see the patient. He just usesinfo the stomatologist gave him.

Of course, people (but not stomatologists and dentists themselves) often use these two words interchangeably. The fact that dental clynics tend to be named "Дантист" adds to confusion.

Originally Posted by gRomoZeka

Originally Posted by chaika

I always liked стоматолог. Looks like something to do with something in your midsection, doesn't it?
It means dentist.

Heh, it's funny, I've never thought about it. It derives from Greek "stoma" (stomatos), which means "a mouth"), it's your bad luck that stomach means "желудок" in English.

But you do have an equivalent of "стоматолог" in Englih. Do you mean that people won't understand me if I use the word "stomatologist"?

And in Russian there's a difference between "stomatologist" and "dentist". Stomatologist is a doctor with higher education diploma.
The dentist is just a guy, who does mechanical work (makes dental prostheses, for example). I think it's called a dental mechanic in English. Most of the time he doesn't even see the patient. He just usesinfo the stomatologist gave him.

Of course, people (but not stomatologists and dentists themselves) often use these two words interchangeably. The fact that dental clynics tend to be named "Дантист" adds to confusion.

Stomatologist probably exists but it's almost never used. I don't think I have ever heard it in English.

In English we basically have:
Dentists and Orthodontists.
Dentists do the cleaning and stuff and Orthodontists fit braces.

"Rationalisation" means in Russian only modificating or improving something.
"Rector" means only a head of University/Institute/academy.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=St ... gle+Search

Originally Posted by TATY

Stomatologist probably exists but it's almost never used. I don't think I have ever heard it in English.

In English we basically have:
Dentists and Orthodontists.
Dentists do the cleaning and stuff and Orthodontists fit braces.

In russian there is stomatolog стоматолог and ortodont ортодонт who fits braces.

Вспомнил анекдот в тему:

"Надоели вы с вашей латынью: "Пиво пенистое...пиво пенистое..." - "Х.евое пиво!"

Фиксировать means the same as "закрепить" - unlike English word "to fix" meaning "to correct".

Preservative - консервант
Презерватив - condom

douche - подмываться
душ - shower