Thread: Correct please (dinlot)

Please explain me in which context we use пёс?

Originally Posted by Antonio1986

Please explain me in which context we use пёс?

Antonio, пёс is used when you want to particularly emphasize that your dog is "a boy"!

The word собака is grammatically feminine, but can be used either:
(a) about a female dog
or
(b) about a dog whose gender/sex is not known to the speaker.

The word сука means "a definitely female dog" (and cannot be used for a dog of unknown gender) -- but, just like the English bitch, nowadays it is "used politely only by professional dog-breeders."

My friends, can you please fill in the blanks. I can't find them in my grammar book. Thanks.

Masculine - мой Feminine - моя Neuter - мое Plural - мои
Accusative -
Genitive -
Dative -
Instrumental -
Prepositonal -

Originally Posted by dinlot

My friends, can you please fill in the blanks. I can't find them in my grammar book. Thanks.

Masculine - мой Feminine - моя Neuter - мое Plural - мои

Make a note of this, dinlot -- here's the entry for мой in Викисловарь, which you can find at ru.wiktionary.org. It includes the complete declension in all cases and genders, singular and plural!

More generally, if you go to ru.wiktionary.org, in the top-right corner you'll see a text-entry field labelled "Поиск" ("Search"). If you need the declension or conjugation for common Russian nouns, pronouns, and verbs, just enter the "dictionary form" here. (I.e., the masc. sing. for nouns/pronouns/adjectives, or the infinitive of verbs).

Note that not ALL entries in the "Vikislovar" include complete declension/conjugation tables, but in general, the entries for the "basic root vocabulary" of Russian are very complete.

P.S. The noun/pronoun/adjective declension tables include the following abbreviations:

Им. = nominative (именительный падеж, "case")
Р. = genitive (родительный)
Д. = dative (дательный)
В. (одуш.) = accusative, animate (винительный, одушенный)
В. (неодуш.) = accusative, inanimate (винительный, неодушенный)
Тв. = instrumental (творительный)
Пр. = prepositional (предложный)
ед.ч. = singular number (единственное число)
м. = masculine gender (мужской род)
ж. = feminine gender (женский род)
с. = neuter gender (средний род)
мн.ч. = plural number (множественное число)

Thank you for the reference. I don't know what to do without you guys. Спасибо.

The Chinese occupied an airstrip near my country.

Китацы заняли (ся) аэропорт близкой моей стане.

заняли (ся) - occupied/perfective past

аэропорт - airport/ accusative inanimate/ no changes.

близкой - near/ prepositional feminine

моей - my/ prepositional feminine

стане - country/ prepositional feminine

Спасибо!

An affront to Christ is an affront at the Metropolitan of Kiev.

Оскорбление в Христосе есть оскорбление в Столичние из Киеве.

Оскорбление - nominative

Христосе - prepositional

Столичние из Киеве. prepositional.

Cпасибо!

I think it must be: "Оскорбление Христа (Христоса) - это оскорбление Митрополита Киевского".
Христа/Христоса - genitive.
Митрополита Киевского - genitive.
"Во Христе" (prepositional) is used in such phrases as "Единение во Христе" (Unity in Christ).

Христоса - not sure this form is generally used.

If you want the wording used in Russian religious texts (which would be correct in this case) you can say, "Хула на Христа есть хула на Митрополита Киевского" (хула is an archaic Russian word confined mostly to religious writings and speeches, it can imply 'affront' in this situation).

Митрополит is a title. (head priest, usually in a large metropolitan region and adjoining areas)

Китайцы заняли(ся) аэропорт близкий к моей стране.
However my translation for your example is "Китайцы заняли аэропорт рядом с моей страной".

1) Китайцы, стране
I think these mistakes are typo.

2) Заняли(ся)
You mixed up two different verbs: занимать (occupy) и заниматься (doing). Yes, they looks very similar.

3) рядом с моей страной
When I read the original (english) sentence I understand it like "The Chinese occupied an airstrip, and it happened near my country". Am I right? If yes, so "near" is adverb and should be translated into russian like "рядом". If you need clarify where this "near" is (near smth), you have to use the construction "рядом с [кем/чем - instrumental case]".

4) аэропорт близкий к
Maybe, I'm wrong, and when you used the word "near" you wished to describe quality of the airstrip. In such case "near" is adjective and its declension links with airstrip (аэропорт in your translation), so it should be masculine.
If you need clarify an object relative to which a distance is small you should use the construction "близкий/близкая/близкое к [кому/чему - dative case]" or "близко к [кому/чему - dative case]".
I can recall only one exception: "близкие люди" ("close" people): family members, loved ones, friends. In this case "близкие" is used like "дорогие" (дорогие люди), without preposition "к".
Examples:
a) Я очень волнуюсь, когда близкие/дорогие мне люди не отвечают на мои телефонные звонки.
b) Алексей и Светлана - близкие/дорогие моему сердцу люди.
However when "близкие люди" is not same "дорогие люди", when it means "people from close surroundings" you should use "люди близкие к".
Example: Люди близкие к мэру (т. е. люди из окружения мэра, а не его друзья), сообщили, что строительство нового стадиона начнётся уже летом.

5) рядом с моей страной/ близкий к моей стране
For educational purposes I used your variant of "страна" in the both translations. However usually when we wish say that something is near our country, we use "граница/границы [страны]" instead.


So, these variants are better:
Китайцы заняли аэропорт рядом с границами моей страны.
Китайцы заняли аэропорт близкий к границам моей страны.

And these are more better
Китайцы заняли аэропорт, расположенный рядом с границами моей страны.
Китайцы заняли аэропорт, расположенный близко к границам моей страны.

6) My dictionary says that "airstrip" means "лётная полоса, взлётно-посадочная полоса, посадочная площадка". Usually "аэропорт" is "airport".

Originally Posted by Throbert McGee

В. (одуш.) = accusative, animate (винительный, одушенный)
В. (неодуш.) = accusative, inanimate (винительный, неодушенный)

In my opinion `одушенный` is wrong form (I never hear this word). Correct form is `одушевлённый` (`неодушевлённый`).

Canada revoked the citizenship of Toronto 18 ringleader using anti-terror law.

Канада отменла гражданство из торонтыи 18 лидера на анти-террористический законами.

отменла - revoked/perfective past

гражданство - accusative neuter/no change

торонтыи - adjective

лидера - genitive

анти-террористический - adjective

законами - instrumental.

Срасибо!

I may be a disgruntled worker of James but I would not plot his demise.

Я возможно есть недовольный служащий в гаимса но я не готову его кончину.

готову - future tense of plot

гаимса - James/ genitive masculine

его кончину - his demise/ accusative feminine.

Срасибо!

Originally Posted by dinlot

Canada revoked the citizenship of Toronto 18 ringleader using anti-terror law.
Канада отменла гражданство из торонтыи 18 лидера на анти-террористический законами.

Канада аннулировала гражданство главаря «Торонто 18», ссылаясь на антитеррористический закон.
(Do I understand right that Toronto 18 is a name of a terrorist organization?)

Originally Posted by dinlot

Срасибо!

Спасибо!

They gave the prompt. So I removed the lid.

Они дали быстра. Так я удаляли(cя) крышку.

быстра- prompt/accusative masculine

крышку - lid/accusative feminine

Спасибо!

They gave the prompt. So I removed the lid.
Они дали быстра. Так я удаляли(cя) крышку.

Could you explain why you choose the word "быстро" to translate the word "prompt"? I try to understand your algoritm. And as I can see you understand not well when the ending "ся" should be using in verbs. Am I right?

I saw the adjective of prompt, compared them with other adjectives whose roots are nouns and imitated them. I admit I am halfway through verbs. Don't want to lie but it's getting there. Either that I am reading them right now or I really cannot understand. Спасибо!

> I may be a disgruntled worker of James but I would not plot his demise.
> Я возможно есть недовольный служащий в гаимса но я не готову его кончину.
"есть" in meaning "is" is supressed in natural russian speech in 95% of cases. This is one of them.
"в гаимса" = у Джеймса. "в..." is "in(inside) James" which is nonsence, because he is person. "в..." is applicable if you talk about company. Also, russian transliterations try to save original sounding. "James" is "Джеймс".
> готову - future tense of plot
готовлю
Result: "Я, возможно, недовольный служащий у Джейса, но я не готовлю его кончину.".

Originally Posted by dinlot

Originally Posted by Звездочёт

Could you explain why you choose the word "быстро" to translate the word "prompt"? I try to understand your algoritm.

I saw the adjective of prompt, compared them with other adjectives whose roots are nouns and imitated them.

I see the article "the" before the word "prompt" in your first sentence ("They gave the prompt"). So I think that "prompt" is noun in this case and means "подсказка" or "совет", but you used the adjective to translate "prompt". Why? I belive that first sentence should be translated like "Они дали подсказку". Am I right?

Originally Posted by dinlot

Originally Posted by Звездочёт

And as I can see you understand not well when the ending "ся" should be using in verbs.

I admit I am halfway through verbs. Don't want to lie but it's getting there. Either that I am reading them right now or I really cannot understand.

I can recall only two situation when "cя" (for masculine), "...ась" (for female) and "...ось" (for neuter) are used: when we use passive voice or wen subject and object of an action are same, when subject acts on himself (it's particular case of passive voice). So, if you second sentence is "So I removed [myself away/out]", you should take the verb "у-дал-ять" (to remove), change the ending to put the verb into past time (у-дал-ил = removed) and then add "cя" (у-дал-ился). However if a subject acts on another object, not on himself, "ся" is not needed. So translation for the second sentence is "И тогда я удалил крышку".

"Удалить крышку" - is literally translation. However in real practice russian say "снять крышку". So translation for second sentence is "И тогда я снял крышку".

Example for "ся":
Вор хорошо спрятался, и полицейские не смогли его (вора) найти.
However
Вор хорошо спрятал украденный бриллиант, и полицейские не смогли его (бриллиант) найти.

Example for "..ась":
Во время праздника королева отравилась вином и умерла.
However
Во время праздника королева отравила вино, теперь умрёт кто-то другой.

Originally Posted by Звездочёт

I can recall only two situation when "cя" (for masculine), "...ась" (for female) and "...ось" (for neuter) are used: when we use passive voice or wen subject and object of an action are same, when subject acts on himself (it's particular case of passive voice).

I don't think so. "ся" has at least 11 various meanings:

1. Reflexive: Он бреется. -- He is shaving. Literally: He is shaving himself.

2. Passive: Дом строится. -- The house is being built. The house is under construction.

3. Decausative: Мяч катится. -- The ball is rolling.

4. Self-Causative: Он бросился на врага. -- He rushed at the enemy.

5. Reciprocal: Они целуются. -- They are kissing each other.

6. Reflexive-Causative: Он подстригся у парикмахера. -- He cut his hair at a hairdresser.

7. Reflexive-Beneficial: Он запасся дровами. -- He made a stock of firewood for himself.

8. Objectless (so-called Middle Voice) : Эта собака кусается. -- This dog bites. I.e., "This dog can bite us/you/anyone"

9. Modal-Passive: Дверь не открывается. -- The door cannot be opened.

10. Impersonal-Passive: В работе на это указывается. -- In this paper, it is indicated. Literally: In this paper, it is pointed at this.

11. Impersonal-Modal-Passive: Мне не спится. -- I cannot sleep. Something prevents me from sleeping.


dinlot, there is no easy way to guess what is the meaning of a ся-verb. You should learn and remember each ся-verb as well as you remember other verbs.

For example:

"удалять" is "to remove", but "удаляться" is "to go away", "to become distant" (decausative).
"целовать" is "to kiss", but "целоваться" is "to kiss each other" (reciprocal).
"кусать" is "to bite something or someone", but "кусаться" is "to have a habit/manner of biting people" (objectless).

Some verbs cannot be attributed to any of these 11 groups:

"плакать" is "to cry", but "плакаться" is "to complain", "to snivel".
"просить" is "to ask", but "проситься" is "to ask permision to go somewhere".

Also, there are ся-verbs, that has no base verb at all:
расставаться means "to part", "to leave", "to break up", but расставать is not a proper verb.