Thread: Разные вопросы по грамматике (by Antonio1986)

во первых, спасибо большое. With "Make yourself comfortable" I meant the case where a guest comes in your house and you want to tell him: "Feel as your house" or "Feel as home".

Oh, then it's
Чувствуйте себя как дома

отлично!!!

"Будьте как дома" - проще произносить

Yes, Maxim. "Будьте как дома" is more colloquial.
Also you can say "Располагайтесь как вам удобно", it's formal.

Privet,

I am an economist and I would like a Russian Native to help me translate the following five expressions.
The expressions are just examples, what I am concerned about is the use of the words: to be increased, to be decreased, to increase, to decrease, go up, go down, raise, rise:

1. In the last one year inflation increased by 10%.
2. Unemployment this year decreased by 5% in comparison with the level of unemployment two year ago.
3. The government decided to increase taxes.
4. The central bank decided to decrease the interest rates.
5. Prices went up dramatically in the last semester.
6. The company decided to raise the salaries by an average of 5%.
7. Prices are continuously rising since 2000.

Sbasibo

1. In the last one year inflation increased by 10%.
За один последний год инфляция повысилась на 10%.

2. Unemployment this year decreased by 5% in comparison with the level of unemployment two year ago.
В текущем году уровень безработицы снизился на 5% по сравнению с уровнем двухлетней давности.

3. The government decided to increase taxes.
Правительство приняло решение увеличить налоги.

4. The central bank decided to decrease the interest rates.
Центробанк принял решение понизить процентную ставку.

5. Prices went up dramatically in the last semester.
В прошлом семестре цены резко выросли.

6. The company decided to raise the salaries by an average of 5%.
Предприятие решило повысить зарплату в среднем на 5%.

7. Prices are continuously rising since 2000.
С 2000 года цены постоянно растут.

It's been a pleasure to help, Antonio!

otlichno!!! spasibo!!!

Privet,

Can a Native please translate the following expressions.
1. "Cancel a date" or "call of a date"
2. "Decline an offer" or "Turn down an offer"
3. He decided to give in
4. He decided not to give up.
5. They will keep going.
6. You need to chill out.

Spasibo.

1. "Cancel a date" or "call off a date" – отменить свидание
2. "Decline an offer" or "Turn down an offer" – отклонить предложение, отказаться от предложения
3. He decided to give in. - Он решил уступить (согласиться)
4. He decided not to give up. – Он решил не сдаваться.
5. They will keep going. – Они продолжат идти.
6. You need to chill out. – Тебе нужно успокоиться.

That was an excellent answer. I fully understand the concept of Perfective and Imperfective. My problem was the meaning of these two words but with the examples you provided the meaning was clarified.
As I understand skazat' is used with Dative: ona skazala nam, chto ... = She told us that ...
Pogovorit' is synonym of having a dialogue with someone and it is used with the Preposition: "c" + Instumental e.g. Я вчера поговорил с Петром
Pravil'no?

Spasibo.

Всегда пожалуйста.

Совершенно верно.

Originally Posted by Боб Уайтман

"Поговорить" belongs to the class of verbs of the so-called "limited action" (which is indicated by the prefix "по-"). In fact, it means "to speak for some limited amount of time":

I just wanted to repeat this so that Antonio doesn't overlook it, since there are quite a number of по- perfectives that have this meaning of "to do such-and-such for a little while [but then stop doing it]." So:

Я сидел на диване. = "I was sitting on the sofa [and sat and sat and sat, and kept on sitting...]"
Я посидел на диване. = "I sat for a little bit on the sofa [then I stood up and went outside for a walk]."

Originally Posted by Helenej

2. "Decline an offer" or "Turn down an offer" – отклонить предложение, отказаться от предложения

My impression as a non-native learner is that отказаться (от) would suggest a stronger refusal (perhaps the offer was offensive in some way), while отклонить could mean that the offer was simply uninteresting to you. Is this correct, Helenej?

Originally Posted by Helenej

5. They will keep going. – Они продолжат идти.

I think the Russian translation that Helenej suggests would usually mean "they'll keep walking" (or, if you're talking about buses and trains, "They'll keep operating on this route").

But "to keep going" can have other idiomatic senses in English, such as "to be persistent" or "to stay in business" or "to survive," or "to not quit," etc. So depending on the sense, you could use infinitives other than идти after the verb продолжать/продолжить ("to continue").

Like, "The women's shoe-store will keep going" (even though it had to lay off one-third of its employees) could be Магазин продолжит продавать женскую обувь. ("The store will continue to sell women's footwear.")

In other contexts, using some negated construction such as Они не перестанут ("they will not stop...") would sound better than Они продолжат ("they will continue...").

But in any case, "to keep going" is so idiomatic and non-specific that more context is necessary to translate it properly.

Throbert отклонить and отказаться mean absolutely the same thing here.
Maybe the difference is that отказаться may be used in colloquial speech while отклонить is very formal.

Originally Posted by Throbert McGee

My impression as a non-native learner is that отказаться (от) would suggest a stronger refusal (perhaps the offer was offensive in some way), while отклонить could mean that the offer was simply uninteresting to you. Is this correct, Helenej?

A tough question, you know. I didn’t find any answer to it in the web. This is just what I think.

Neither of these words is emotional. They both are neutral.

Отказываться (от) means

1. to refuse or reject smb’s offer like food, money, present, award, help, job, post, offer, role, trainer, deputy mandate, throne, smb’s sacrifice, chance, attempt.

2. to cancel smth planned before like trip, purchase, joining the Navy, relocating.

3. to disown smth. like thought, idea, intention, theory, view, signature.

Отклонить means to refuse smth, to give the negative response to smth. It is not applied to offerings or suggestions. We отклоняем application, claim, request, candidature, petition, bill, prosecutor’s protest, project.

With regard to what is declined the usage of this word seems to be more or less formal or official. I agree with Medved that the word combinations with отклонять sound formal with the slightest difference that отклонять is not formal itself. Maybe it sounds formal rather because of the realities to which it is applied. Nevertheless the difference doesn’t lie in the style only.
"Существуют опасения, что кабинет министров Украины будет вынужден отказаться от помощи Международного валютного фонда" is quite correct, thought it apparently can be said at some official level. As well as "Существуют опасения, что кабинет министров Украины будет вынужден отклонить предложение помощи Международным валютным фондом." I don’t know.

Btw, when we deal with a suggestion to do smth. we generally use отказаться сделать что-либо.

Предложение can be translated into English as offer, suggestion or proposal. So we need to choose the proper Russian version in accordance with the context.

In the following pairs the first sentence is correct and the second is incorrect.

1. Она отказалась от его помощи. Она отклонила его помощь.
2. Депутаты отклонили законопроект. Депутаты отказались от законопроекта.

Privet,
Can please someone help me to understand the transive and intransive aspect of the verb "smell"
For example:
1. The flower smells nice (intransive)
2. I want to smell the flower (transive)

Spasibo

1. The flower smells nice (intransitive)

Пахнуть.
Цветок хорошо пахнет.

2. I want to smell the flower (transitive)

Чувствовать запах (=to feel the odor). Обонять (rarely)
Я хочу чувствовать запах цветов.