Well, I didn't live in the 50's, but I don't remember fear in my parents or grandparents either.
In fact, it wasn't "enemy" even. The word was "противник", which is an unemotional, rather technical military term. This word can even be applied to partners in a game.The USA was traditionally called "the most possible enemy" by the authorities - a rather phlegmatic and ambivalent phrase, which was not as scary and emotional as "Evil empire".![]()