Thread: Valda - разные вопросы по глаголам

If проспать is oversleep, does it mean "про" is the equivalent to "over"

Such as "пропить" - overdrink?

Russian verb prefixes are in some sense equivalents of English prepositions after verbs.

Most often prefix про- is an equivalent of preposition through.
проспать - to sleep through the event. (To miss the event because of sleeping.)
пропить - to drink through smth. (To lose smth. because of drinking.)

it's not clearcut therefore i'd not advise to attribute any fixed mode to the prefixes

for example how would you translate "прописать" ? obviously not overwrite
overwrite is переписать
as "overdo" is not проделать, but переборщить

for the sake of the discussion oversleep can be translated as переспать that is 'to sleep a little too long, over the expected amount of time'.

проспать is also 'to sleep through' if it means 'to sleep during a certain event' like 'he slept through the entire episode' - 'он проспал всю серию'

Ahh...so

про - through
пере - over

Understood

Much appreciated

knowing German i believe can help to wrap one's head around Russian prefixes with greater ease

Valda -- I'd also point out such verbs as пройти ("to go past") and пропускать ("to let pass by", in several senses).

пропускать is interesting. So if someone is blocking the way I can tell him можно пропускать?

Originally Posted by Valda

пропускать is interesting. So if someone is blocking the way I can tell him можно пропускать?

in this case you'd politely say "можно пройти?" or rudely "пропустите!"

Heh, thaks I'll stay polite. But, always good to know the rude version, just in case.

Problem is that according to masterussian grammar guide, "про" is also used for future tense!

She will read }
She will have read } Она прочитает

So про is for "through" in certain words mean will read? I thought it means "read through", according to your example. What gives? Grammar inconsistencies?


I would also add that I know that we can use prefixes to make words into future tense*, but those prefixes for future appear to vary


Я постараюсь - I will try
Я сделаю - I will do

See! In the first one it's "по", and in the second one it's "с" for our future tense prefixes (and in the example above we even have "про" for future tense). Is it normally irregular like that?


*I realize I can just use будут, but I prefer to learn the second way
**Note that most Russian guides, even the one on masterussian.com (first russian when I google "russian future tense" ), do not say anything about what future prefixes are possible and which ones I can use

Originally Posted by Valda

Heh, thaks I'll stay polite. But, always good to know the rude version, just in case.

Problem is that according to masterussian grammar guide, "про" is also used for future tense!

She will read }
She will have read } Она прочитает

So про is for "through" in certain words mean will read? I thought it means "read through", according to your example. What gives? Grammar inconsistencies?

russian grammar thrives on inconsistencies, i believe you need to just stop looking for logic in it

the prefix "про" denotes completeness of action therefore in the future tense она прочитает means she will be finished reading, she will have read through
another prefix "по" denotes an incomplete action, a try at it, therefore for the future tense you could use она почитает - she will have read a little
both these forms are perfective

however the usual meaning of this phrase isn't that strict, both simply mean she will read
from English into Russian it would be translated according to the context

that said, for both words the present singular 3d person form is читает but the verb indefinite form can receive the prefix as in прочитать and почитать

as soon as you add prefixes про and по to the verb читать in the present form it turns into its future tense form

Originally Posted by Valda

I would also add that I know that we can use prefixes to make words into future tense*, but those prefixes for future appear to vary


Я постараюсь - I will try
Я сделаю - I will do

See! In the first one it's "по", and in the second one it's "с" for our future tense prefixes (and in the example above we even have "про" for future tense). Is it normally irregular like that?

see? yes it is, you need to just memorize it or feel it out

often the prefix in the future tense is selected on the basis of the semantics you wish to convey

я делаю - я сделаю - я проделаю - я поделаю

я знаю - я узнАю - я прознАю

я сижу - я посижу - я просижу

я играюсь - я поиграюсь - я наиграюсь

also prefixes used in the future tense often do not exist or rarely used for the same words in their present tense form, like наигрываюсь, постарываюсь, с(о)делываю, поделываю (archaic), почитываю (archaic)

Originally Posted by Valda

*I realize I can just use будут, but I prefer to learn the second way
**Note that most Russian guides, even the one on masterussian.com (first russian when I google "russian future tense" ), do not say anything about what future prefixes are possible and which ones I can use

forming future tense through the verb быть always results in the imperfective form, whereas the prefixes without быть always give the perfective one


sorry about the messy explanation

Not messy, I'm satisfied And appreciate it.

я делаю - я сделаю - я проделаю - я поделаю

Wow, the many ways you can say this word to slightly alter its definition....

Thanks for the enlightenment

Originally Posted by Valda

Not messy, I'm satisfied And appreciate it.



Wow, the many ways you can say this word to slightly alter its definition....

Thanks for the enlightenment

to clarify a bit, prefixes aren't always compatible with the described action and the objective complement, e.g.

я делаю уроки - я сделаю уроки but not я проделаю уроки

however other lexical units are more acceptive

я делаю упражнение (физическое) - я сделаю упражнение - я проделаю упражнение

in this case prefix про- is acceptable because an exercise is a sequence of postures which you gradually go through