>>>>Also how is called a footpath in the middle of a forest or across a river
Тропа, тропинка or even дорожка
The road on the picture >>>>> I'd call it
просёлочная дорога
>>> How you will say: In order to reach my house you will need to go through a xxx-road for 150 meters.
Not sure what you mean with the xxx-road but here you go:
Чтобы добраться до моего дома, тебе нужно (будет) пройти/проехать (depends on the means of reaching, you can even пробежать or проползти

) 150 метров по xxx-дороге