>>>>Also how is called a footpath in the middle of a forest or across a river

Тропа, тропинка or even дорожка

The road on the picture >>>>> I'd call it просёлочная дорога


>>> How you will say: In order to reach my house you will need to go through a xxx-road for 150 meters.

Not sure what you mean with the xxx-road but here you go:

Чтобы добраться до моего дома, тебе нужно (будет) пройти/проехать (depends on the means of reaching, you can even пробежать or проползти ) 150 метров по xxx-дороге