Is author saying that not only boosting time but also manoeuvring capability too is important

Answer: Manoeuvring capability is of most importance here. Even more important than boosting time.

Solomon vs. "bus". He: Is this idea if independently guided warheads (~blocks) is given by Solomonov? Why 'vs' is written

Answer: Solomonov is sure that the future belongs to independently guided warheads as opposed to 'bus' method. Solomon vs. "bus" = here Solomonov is against 'bus' technique. (meaning, i think, he is pro-independently guided). Not clear who the developer or inventor is.

"tverdotoplivniki. No speculations...frm my side.

Answer: It's from "твёрдое топливо" = solid fuel. Твердотопливник = something using solid fuel (in this case rockets)

PS: It seems to me there are some errors in the English version.