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The thing is they were quoted almost by everybody, but the phrase itself was said (or rather written) by some French author - Кюстен (I think, unless I invented his last name under the influence of...

Да речь шла о том, что слово "бусурманИН" есть, но в словарях его как бы и нет. И где ты его увидел у Даля? Ну-ка ткни пальцем. Я не вижу. ;)

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Словарь Ушакова в 4 т. (1935 г.), а также словарь Ефремовой (2006 г.):
"БАСУРМА'НИН, а, мн. ане, ан, м. (нар.-поэт.). То же, что басурман."

Через...

Nice!! Never heard that expression, but it sounds very sharp. I guess, you could probably make use of it since the person using the word "бусурман" is probably educated enough to get offended by the...

All four versions are correct: басурман, басурманин, бусурман, бусурманин. In Dahl's dictionary you can see even the fifth one: бусорман (!).

There's no point in arguing over spelling, when the...

I wouldn't fret over that too much. While it does mean Muslim, it's often used ironically to denote any foreigner. This word is very archaic and thus has a funny ring to it, and Russians like using...