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http://www.rusf.ru/lukin/books/tipa_artikl.htm

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why not "in a dictionary"? To me it looks like he is not talking about a particular specific dictionary here.

This is simply false, and this is not at all limited to unstressed vowels. If it were, learning to write in Russian without mistakes would not be such a large issue for Russian children.

At best,...

It's usually denoted with an inverted "e" in R-E dictionaries. It's essentially the same as a weak unstressed Russian a/o.

I would not call Russian "phonetic", or you would have to call e.g. French phonetic, too... Byelorussian is phonetic, Russian is not :) And that even without touching the subject of stress and je/jo....

What about the schwa vowel? It's probably the most common sound of the Russian language, too.
My big problem (in both English and Ukrainian, actually) has always been that I would pronounce it where...

This has, afaik, been scientifically proven (there are publications) for most languages :)