How is it possible to say the sentence differently? I can understand its grammatical structure (Former postman Paul Mason received life-saving gastric surgery last year binge-eating his way to gargantuan size. (source)
Maybe,
Former postman Paul Mason received life-saving gastric surgery last year when/after he was binge-eating his way to gargantuan size?
or
Does 'binge-eating his way to gargantuan size' concern 'surgery'? That is, 'surgery binge-eating his way to gargantuan size.'