how do i say 'i am running away from here'?
<<я убегу отсюда>>
<<я убегу из здесь>>
which one is correct?
Printable View
how do i say 'i am running away from here'?
<<я убегу отсюда>>
<<я убегу из здесь>>
which one is correct?
"Я убегу отсюда" is correct. "Отсюда" is "from here", "сюда ́" is "(towards) here".
However, the meaning is "I wil run away from here"/"I'm going ot run away from here". If you need an ongoing action in Present, use "Я убегаю отсюда". Perfective verbs CANNOT form present tense in Russian, i.e. there's literally no way. The same form that conveys Present meaning for an imperfective verb, expresses Future tense for a perfective one.
And "из здесь" is impossible. Adverbs (здесь is an adverb) just cannot combine with prepositions.
What is the difference between the words 'вот', 'сюда' and 'здесь'?
i know they all mean 'here' but i am guessing they are used differently
All of them mean different things. It's just in English they are translated with the same word.
"здесь" indicates a location, and answers the question "где?" (where?):
Я здесь. - I am here. Мой друг живёт здесь. - My friend lives here. Мы здесь работаем. - We work here (in this place). Здесь много людей. - There are many people here.
"сюда" indicates a direction, and answers the question "куда?" (to where?):
Он идёт сюда. - He is walking here (to this place). Я приехал сюда 3 года назад. - I came here (to this place) 3 years ago. Сюда приближается торнадо. - A tornado is approaching here.
"вот" is a completely different word. It is not even an adverb (unlike "здесь" и "сюда"), it is just a particle which we use to show something. (An indicative particle).
It roughly corresponds to English constructions like "Here is A" or "Here it is".
You invite your friend to your home and show him your room: "Вот моя комната" (Here is my room).
You show me a book and say: "Вот книга, о которой я тебе говорил" (Here is the book I told you about).
We are talking about one of your friends, and suddenly you see him coming. And you say to me: "Вот он!" (Here he is).
"вот" is used when you show something which is close to us. If that thing is far away, just say "вон" instead of "вот": "Вон гора". "Вон река".
Actually, "здесь" and "сюда" also assume spatial proximity. For distant locations, use "там" (there) and "туда" (to there).
Summary:
close to us: здесь (location), сюда (direction), отсюда (from here), вот (indicative particle).
far away from us: там (location), туда (direction), оттуда (from there), вон (indicative particle).
You can even combine "вот" with "здесь" (and "вон" with "там"):
- Где твоя комната? Вот здесь. - Where is your room? Right here. ("вот" assumes an indication gesture. It is optional. You can simply say "Здесь". It's also possible to answer "Вот.")
- Где гора Эверест? Вон там. - Where is the Everest mountain? Right there. ("вон" also assumes an indication gesture. It is optional. You can simply say "Там". It's also possible to answer "Вон.")
As you see from the examples above, it is most natural to put "вот" at the very beginning of a sentence (but not necessarily).
"вот" is also used without any specific meaning (as a filler word) in colloquial speech. Or it can imply that you are summarizing what was said before.
Example: (after some pause): ... Вот. Так о чём мы говорили? - ... So. And what we were talking about?
or you tell a story and finally, when you finish, you can add: "Вот." - It assumes you told everything you were going to tell.
"вот" and "вон" are a bit different as they supposed you are almost showing the location: "over there", "right here". You cannot use it on its own interchangeably.
1) "Сюда" means "(towards) here". Like in "Put iy over here", "Bring the book here": Положи его сюда. Неси книгу сюда.
2) "Здесь" means the thing is positioned "here". A static location. "Я здесь давно сижу". "Машина будет прямо здесь, у подъезда".
3) Now, for "вот"
- "Here is ..." sentences where you either hand over something or point at the fact that something/someone is right here: Вот твоя книга ~ Here is your book. Вот и он! ~ Here he comes!
- in sentences like "that's what I need": "Вот что мне нужно". "Значит, вот где он был" - "So that's where he was".
- also used as an emphatic particle sometimes:
"Ну вот, теперь всё переделывать" ~ "Great, now we must start over again and do everything from scratch"
"Вот и всё" ~ "That's all" (a standard expression; too short to have variations)
"Вот это да!" ~ more or less interchangeable with "Ничего себе" and other exclamations with meaning "Wow!"
"Вот так" - the reason you shouldn't have started digging into "вот" at this stage. Literally the combination means "that way", "in this manner". In reality it has a vast array of more emotional uses like "So that's how things got", "That's the way!", "See, like that" and so on. I suggest to focus on more basic things as of now.
I would suggest to tiudavidharris to read more Russian books, e.g. books for children. It should be easier over time to start understanding the usage of simple words.Quote:
Originally Posted by Shady_arc
Russian books for children? You certainly don't mean fairy tales, I hope.. As for reading - second on that. As soon as you get a good grasp of the laguage, try reading books, sites, whatever you can.Quote:
Originally Posted by Lampada
Thank you again.
How about Алан Александр Милн. Винни Пух и Все-Все-Все ?Quote:
Originally Posted by Shady_arc
thanks for the link, i will keep it in record for reading.Quote:
How about Алан Александр Милн. Винни Пух и Все-Все-Все ?
My judgement - an extremely tough reading for a beginner. A rather... tackleable for an intermediate one. Though, I am not convinced that reading translations of English books. Cannot say I know Russian texts much simplier than that. As soon as the knowledge allows reading such texts (3000 words and good grasp of overall grammar, maybe) - well, the learner may try. There's no harm in that.Quote:
Originally Posted by Lampada
Thanks god Russian is not Japanese.
And tiudavidharris: also look into тут! It has usage for time as well as location.
I would actually recommend stop looking into meanings of numerous popular words devoid of any context, and start reading, even if it's going to be learning texts. :) Such words as "идти", "тут", "да", "же" have too many meanings for such a memorization to be efficient.Quote:
Originally Posted by Seraph
Да, тут же! )
In English they can't either, it's a matter of spelling. They could write it as "fromhere", what it really is, just like the Russian отсюда could be safely written as от сюда, because it is etymologically a combination of от + сюда; the only difference is that Russian has the distinct static "here" (здесь) and dynamic "here" (сюда), and in our case we use the latter word because "from here" is dynamic.Quote:
Originally Posted by Боб Уайтман
My dictionary says that in English there are both a noun "here" and an adverb "here". In Russian "здесь", "сюда", "отсюда", "досюда" ... are adverbs only, so no prepositions and no declining.Quote:
Originally Posted by car
how are the prepositions 'из', 'от' and 'с' used with time expressions?
English "since" is almost always translated as "с".
Since I finished school = с тех пор как я окончил школу
Er, do you really expect forum users to come up with a textbook on Russian grammar and word usage?
Without further context I can think of such uses:
ИЗ
из года в год, изо дня в день, из века в век (??; not used with неделя, час, месяц, by the way)
Year after year, day after day and so on: to talk about activities or state of things that repeat/don't change as the time passes by
ОТ
The only examples I can think of is
"Время выполнения заказа - от недели / до недели" (от + Genitive)
"Your order will take a week or more/ a week or less to complete"
"указ от 26 января" (от + Genitive)
the decree of the January 26 (quite a formal way to speak about the date of some document)
"время от времени" ~ now and again, from time to time
С + Genitive
This one is widely used to express a starting point of a prolonged activity in time: "beginning with", "from" "since".
"Аптека открыта с 9 до 17" ~ "The drugstore is open 9am to 5 pm"
"Варит пиво с 1886 года" ~ "Brewing beer from 1886"
"Я с утра тебя жду" ~ "I've been waiting for you since morning"
"У него отпуск с понедельника, заканчивается 4 августа" ~ "He's on vacation beginning from Monday; it will end on the 4th of August"
"с минуты на минуту", "с часу на час" - "any moment now". A set phrase to express the idea that some event is going to happen very soon, maybe this very minute, or the next minute; this hour, of in a few hours (depending on what time scale is typical of such things).
А как знать надо ли использовать "из" или "от" ?
Я выкопал картофель из моего сада.
Почему не "от" моего сада ?
The basic prepositions for directions are:Quote:
Originally Posted by Simon000001
"в" (into, motion to inside a location) and "из" (opposite to "в", motion from inside a location);
"на" (onto, motion to the top of a location) and "с" (opposite to "на", motions from the top of a location);
"к" (towards, motion to a location not necessarily entering it) and "от" (opposite to "к", motion from a point near a location to a point far away from it).
There are much more nuances of how to use "в" and "на", of course. I have just provided a simplified mapping.
But anyway, "из" always corresponds to "в" and "с" always corresponds to "на".
У меня в огороде растёт картофель (Potatoes grow in my garden), BTW note, it is "огород" where you grow vegetables, not "сад". "Сад" is usually for fruit trees.
That's why you say: Я выкопал картофель из огорода.
If you say "Я выкопал картофель от огорода", that would sound very strange, as if you started digging potatoes from the edge of your garden and proceeded to somewhere outside of it...
Compare:
Река течёт с горы. - The river flows from the top of the mountain.
Река течёт из горы. - The river flows from inside the mountain (imagine there is some empty cavity inside it). Maybe it flows out of a cave.
Река течёт от горы. - The river flow starts from a point very close to the mountain, not from the mountain itself. Or maybe from the foot of the mountain.
You can think of it this way:
"из" = out of; "с" = from the top of; "от"= starting from.
They are very rough approximations, but they might help to understand the difference.
One more example:
Мы ехали из Самары в Москву 10 часов. = We travelled from Samara to Moscow 10 hours. It means we started the way in Samara and finished it in Moscow. The whole way is assumed.
Мы ехали от Самары до Москвы 10 часов. = We travelled from Samara to Moscow 10 hours. Maybe we started the way much earlier (say, in Yekaterinburg) and continued it after Moscow (maybe to St. Petersburg). But the span between Samara and Moscow took us 10 hours. It is not clear, if the whole way is assumed or a part of it.
A bad example. Noone speaks like that.Quote:
Originally Posted by Simon000001
Either it is "Я выкопал картофель в своём саду"
or "Я выкопал картофель из земли".
One single potato is also "картофелина". A more colloquial word for potato is "картошка". You can use these, too.
"От" means rather "away from" than "out of", so it is not suitable for digging objects from the ground.
Because Russian is not English (or French)Quote:
Originally Posted by Simon000001
The sooner you stop word-by-word translating from English(or French) and start thinking in Russian patterns - the better for your learning
I'm not sure about this, maybe a late misconcieved grammaticalization, like double negations, natural to the language, were banned because they are "contrary to the logic". Etymologically in Germanic languages "her" is an adverb, and it was substantivated in English as a noun only later, not a rare event. In Russian we have combinations of от- + сюда as well and there is no noun "сюда", although the compound is absolutely same. I only meant that it's simply a matter of spelling convention. French d'ici, German von hier (why not vonhier?) etc.Quote:
Originally Posted by it-ogo
Well I am not old enough to remember times when "here" was not used as a noun. AFAIK, word class is defined neither by etymology nor by spelling but by the actual current usage of the word. Составные наречия (compound adverbs?) do exist in both English and Russian. E.g. "At first" is one adverb.Quote:
Originally Posted by car
I believe the description of actual use of "here" in English as it is accepted now is OK. If one can use "here" in English with virtually any preposition and gain some sense, it is a noun de facto. There are not only "from here" and "to here" but much more.
On the other hand one can't use any article with it, but there are a number of apparent nouns (like today-tomorrow-yesterday) which denote a unique object rather than class and are not used with articles and in plural. And sometimes they are used as adverbs as well.
are the words 'успеха' and 'довра' in genitive case?
what are the grammar reasons for them to be in genitive case?
довра is a short adjective?
успеха is a noun?
я вам пожелал успеха = i wished you success
я вам пожелал довра = i wished you good fortune
thank you
успех and добро are both nouns.
The verb желать needs genitive.
The verb itself is the reason.
Я желаю вам успеха/добра/счастья/счастливого пути/благополучия/процветания/исполнения всех желаний...
hello, i am having trouble again with grammar.
what is the grammar reason for having the preposition ' на ' the sentence "я отвечаю всем на вопросы"?
я отвечаю всем на вопросы = the syntax here really confuses me. what does "на вопросы " mean in this sentence? does it mean "i am answering everyone (everyone is questioning me)?" or "i am answering the questions to everyone (here i mean everyone is being questioned)?"
я отвечаю всем вопросы = "i am answering questions to everyone (i am replying to people by asking questions)?" or is this nonsense?
also, please tell me if i have the correct translation of the following sentences:
я отвечаю все = i am answering everything
я отвечаю за все = i am answering for everything
я отвечаю всем = i am answering everyone
я отвечаю вопросы всеx = i am answering the questions of everyone
thank you!
This is the right option:
Although I suspect this thing sounds as weird in English as it does in Russian.Quote:
я отвечаю всем на вопросы = "i am answering questions to everyone (i am replying to people who are asking questions)?"
But it is grammatically correct.
я отвечаю на всё = i am answering everything
я отвечаю за всё = i am answering for everything (I'm in charge for everything)
я отвечаю всем = i am answering everyone
я отвечаю на вопросы всеx = i am answering the questions of everyone
Отвечать на + accusative = answer something that "originally went towards you".
It's like "to fight back".
Отвечать на (ваш) вопрос
Отвечать на (ваш) удар
Отвечать на (ваше) предложение
Отвечать на (вашу) претензию
Отвечать на (ваше) письмо
Отвечать + dative = answer to an asker
Ответь мне (на мой вопрос)
Вам нужно ответить заказчику (на запрос о ценах).
In English that sentence means "I am replying to everyone's questions".
In English you reply TO a question, which is exactly what на means here. Всем is dative case, which is exactly what "them" is in English, but as the dative case is otherwise practically extinct in English, you have to say "I reply to them". In Russian "I reply them" is sufficient. "I reply to them to questions" would sound very awkward, English prefers a genitive "their" or "everyone's". Which Russian also can do, but doesn't have to.
The English verb "answer" works differently, but "reply" illustrates better what is going on here.
Great!
so "я отвечаю тебе." is correct? and "я отвечаю тебя" is incorrect?
also, i have applied the syntax to the following sentences with the verb "расспращиваTb. please correct me if i am wrong.
я расспращиваю всем на ответы = i am questioning everyone's answers/ i am questioning to everyone whose answers are coming "toward me"
я расспращиваю на ответы всеx = i am questioning the answers of everyone
я расспращиваю на всё = i am questioning everything
я расспращиваю за всё = i am examining everything (like an inspector)
я расспращиваю всем = i am questioning everyone
I have translated the following sentences. please correct me if there are errors.
'весь' means everyone or everything
я говорю за всё = i am speaking for everyone or everything
я говорю всем = i am speaking to everyone or everything
я говорю тебе = im telling to you
я говорю тебя = im telling you (this actually confusing me)
я спрашиваю за все = i am asking for everyone or everything
я спрашиваю всеx = i am asking to everyone or everything
do these following sentences mean anything? or are they nonsense?
я говорю на всё
я спрашиваю на всё
я спрашиваю всеx на столе
я спрашиваю всеx за столoм
Yes you got it.Quote:
so "я отвечаю тебе." is correct? and "я отвечаю тебя" is incorrect?
No расспрашивать has different connotation than in English, in Russian it's like draw information from someone, not reply to something thar was earlier directed toward you. So It's just like "I ask" (я спрашиваю кого-то), needs accusative.Quote:
also, i have applied the syntax to the following sentences with the verb "расспрашиваTb. please correct me if i am wrong.
So basically it's:
Я расспрашиваю всех о чём-то.
verb + someone (accusative) + about + (prepositional)
The others sound like:
Я расспрашиваю всех на <столе> I'm questioning everyone on the table. (It must be inconvenient tho)
Я расспрашиваю всех за <столом> at the table or behind the table (these are a bit more convenient :)
Preposition in Russian often draw their own case,
like "на" can mean:
"on" (physical location)
needs prepositional
На тебе отличная куртка -- A nice shirt is on you
Книга лежит на столе -- The book is on the table.
"onto" (physical movement towards something)
needs accusative
Я пойду на дискотеку -- I will go to the party
Я положил книгу на стол. -- I put the book onto the table.
"to" (as in reply to, like returning a virtual ball)
needs accusative
Я отвечу на твоё письмо завтра -- I'll reply to your letter tomorrow.
Я не могу ответить на твой вопрос. -- I can't answer your question.
I already answered in your other thread about the "на" thing.
it needs the prepositional case here.
Я говорю на многих языках.
Я спрашиваю на ... nonsense
so would it be correct to say "я прнимаю всех" ?
понимаю (understand) or принимаю (welcome, receive)?
Either way, всех is right here.
Although принимать can also mean "take something upon yourself" like принимать решение, принимать командование, it needs accusative too.
You did not give enough context. Some combinations of prepositions and case can have some marginal senses (rare, colloquial, vernacular, slang etc.) in some specific situations. Native speaker can hardly remember all of them, but words come when they are needed. :DQuote:
Originally Posted by tiudavidharris
я говорю тебя = im telling you (this actually confusing me) - this can confuse everybody. It means that "тебя" (in your phrase) is a phrase or a sentence or a speech - something that you can say out aloud.
я говорю за всё - 1. (Odessa funny accent, incorrect) I say about everything. 2. I am a representative of everything and I speak in the name of everything. (rather confusing sense)
я спрашиваю всеx на столе - "I am on the table (on the surface of the table) and asks everybody" or "I ask everybody, who is on the table..."
я говорю на всё: - 1) "I speak (by paid phone) long enough to spend all my money" 2) я говорю на всё: "ххх!" - I speak about everything (or in response to everything) : "xxx!".
я спрашиваю за все - "I demand answers for all bad deeds (and punish for all sins)"
etc. etc.
It is really bad idea to list ALL possibilities. It is a task for generations of native philologists.
P.S. It is Accusative, not Dative. Dative (всё - всему, все - всем) can not be combined with prepositions за and на.