What in English is usually rendered as a multiple word phrase, in Russian is formed using the prefixes. (walk away for instance is analogously formed as "awaywalk")
For all motion words the prefixes generally follow the exact same system
with examples of лететь/летать of an airplane and airport:

в - into (an enclosed space, i.e. a room) - into the airport (wheels on the ground sort of sense. Entered the space labeled "airport". Emphasis on entrance within a space)
вы - out of (enclosed space) - out of the airport - emphasizes the plane passing out of the airport boundries

при - (arrival) - "go" is to "come" as ходить приходить... Sort of. "прилететь" would be "arrive" in the context of flight. In the case of the plane, this emphasizes the plane being at the airport, as opposed to somewhere else.
у - away - fly away улететь - emphasizes the plane being gone

до - towards, up to. This has been explained as "a close thing moving closer", where distance has been closed. Instead of "into a space" like в-, it's more like "Up to the edge of the space/thing". Emphasis on "reaching a place".
от - away from - emphasis on leaving the immediate vicinity of something. For instance "Уйди!" would mean "leave!" or "go away" as in stop being in my presence, whereas "Отойди!" would be "move out (of the way)" or "back away (from my personal space)".

с - downwards, down from - emphasizing starting ON something, and ending off of it. Or just generally downcoming.
вз - (This one is tricky, can come as вз-, вс-, воз-, or вос-, depending on the following consonant and if there's a cluster) - Upwards, up.

за- I don't believe this one is considered to have a counterpart, but its meaning is quite interesting. It emphasizes "staying for a while" OR "going in for the sake of something"(imagine that once you'd gotten that thing, you'd leave, so it's the same come+leave together)

et cetera


Note that ANY of these words, made with any prefix, ходить, лететь, or other root word, all can have corresponding nouns.
входить - вход [entrance, place one enters] , вхожд-ение [entrance, the act of entering]
прилетать - прилёт [arrival, by flight]