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" 303 Perfective reflexives with passive meaning

Perfective passives are normally expressed by a participle (see 359 and 360 (2) (ii)).
However, passives may also be expressed by perfective reflexives that denote:

(1) Covering:
Вершины покрылись снегом
The peaks became covered in snow

Note
This sentence describes an action. Compare the use of a participle to describe a state:
Вершины покрыты снегом ‘The peaks are covered in snow’.

(2) Filling:
Таз наполнился водой
The basin filled with water

(3) Illuminating:
Поля осветлись поздним солнцем
The fields were illuminated by the late sun

(4) Others, for example ‘replacing’, ‘creating’, ‘breaking’:

Её прежняя радость сменлась чувством крайнего раздражения
Her former joy yielded to a feeling of extreme irritation

Создалось сложное положение
A complex situation developed

Разбился стул
A chair got smashed

Note

Animate instrumentals are excluded from such constructions. They are possible only with a passive participle (see 359), cf.:

Кружок создался/был создан
The club was set up

Кружок был создан (but not *создался) учениками
The club was set up by the pupils "