Thread: Some Help Needed (Причастие и деепричастие)

Hello,

I am trying to understand the below words and their usage. Would you give me some simple example sentences if it is not a problem for you.

And I would like to ask how important are those kind of words in understanding the russian lunguage. Are they often used in everyday speech, newspapers and books?

Thanks alot.

Пр. действ. наст. = ловя́щий

Пр. действ. прош. = лови́вший

Деепр. наст. = ловя́

Деепр. прош. = лови́в, лови́вши

Пр. страд. наст. = лови́мый

Пр. страд. прош. = ло́вленный

Причастия and деепричастия are often used in written language. In everyday speech, they are quite rare.

Причастия can be replaced with analogous dependent clauses:

мальчик, ловящий девочку → мальчик, который ловит девочку
мальчик, ловивший девочку → мальчик, который ловил девочку
мальчик, ловимый девочкой → мальчик, которого ловит девочка
мальчик, ловленный девочкой → мальчик, которого ловила девочка

Деепричастия can be replaced with homogeneous verbs:

Ловя девочку, мальчик ударился головой о столб. → Мальчик ловил девочку и ударился головой о столб.

Любящий муж, придя домой и сразу словив по башке от жены сковородкой за то, что, явившись домой, сел за стол не помыв руки, крякнул, и, приседая, попятился в ванную комнату.

"причастие" is simple: it's like an adjective, describing a quality of someone/something but the word is not standalone, it has derived from a verb.

Гулять - гулящий (someone who likes to get a bit on the side -- dishonest with his wife)
Плакать - плачущий (crying)

Now you decide whether it's rare or a dime a dozen.

Originally Posted by Medved

Гулять - гулящий (someone who likes to get a bit on the side -- dishonest with his wife)

гуляющий (причастие) — taking a walk
гулящий (прилагательное) — someone who likes to get a bit on the side — dishonest with his wife

The example of loving husband clearly shows, how important причастия & деепричастия can be.
Politicians, scientists, writers are used to use them extensively.
However, even in written text, not all forms are equally usable. For example, I saw ощущая thousands times, but ощущённый - hardly ever.

Just be careful because when the noun preceding the Причастие declines then the Причастие following the noun also declines accordingly

1. мальчик, играющий на скрипке = The boy who plays the violin
1. a. Я разговаривал с мальчиком, играющим на скрипке
2. мальчик, игравший на скрипе = The boy who was playing the violin
2. a. Он убил мальчика, игравшего на скрипке

Be also careful that the subordinated clause does not always inherit the tense of the main clause as it does in English:

He killed (past) the boy who played (also past) the violin -> Он убил (past) мальчика, играющего (present) на скрипке.

Originally Posted by impulse

Hello,

And I would like to ask how important are those kind of words in understanding the russian lunguage. Are they often used in everyday speech, newspapers and books?

Ohhhh...

Пр. действ. наст. = ловя́щий YES (мальчик, ловящий бабочек или ловящий бабочек мальчик)

Пр. действ. прош. = лови́вший YES (мужчина, ловивший такси или ловивший такси мужчина)

Деепр. наст. = ловя́ YES (ловя бабочек, мальчик насвистывал песню или мужчина хмурился и сердился, ловя такси под дождем)

Деепр. прош. = лови́в, лови́вши RARELY

Пр. страд. наст. = лови́мый RARELY

Пр. страд. прош. = ло́вленный RARELY

Originally Posted by Medved

Be also careful that the subordinated clause does not always inherit the tense of the main clause as it does in English:

He killed (past) the boy who played (also past) the violin -> Он убил (past) мальчика, играющего (present) на скрипке.

Sounds really odd to me.

Раввин увидел на улице ребенка, играющего с мячом и спросил у него:
— Что ты делаешь?
— Я играю в мяч с Богом!
— Как же ты можешь это делать? — рассмеялся раввин.
— Я подбрасываю мяч вверх, а Он мне его возвращает, — ответил ребенок.

But

Он убил ребенка, игравшего с мячом.

Can someone please add description for Деепр. прош. = лови́в, лови́вши ?

Based on what was written earlier, I have a clue how this could be but this is only a assumption. Please correct me if I'm wrong.

So i think it would be something like this... ловив поезд, мужчина увидел на остановке друга - when he had been running on a train he saw his friend on train station. (some time ago when this was happening and now it's not any more - trying to distinguish from ловя́)

It's just the same as "ловив". More like "while he was waiting for a train...". I whould say "continous" (in english) or "imperfect" (in russian). Middle of the process.
Difference is in strong binding to the past in case of "ловив". This process strictly was in the past. "ловя" can be bound to any time - from past to future, it derives it from main verb.

Originally Posted by Alex80

This process strictly was in the past.

Thank you. So i was right then.