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    Particle "же"

    Some time ago I made text about particle же for one of my friends. It's translation of some Russian philological texts with examples. Today I found it and I think that it can be useful for somebody here.

    How can we use "же"?

    1. ЖЕ в сопоставительной функции

    We can use же to show contrast. Like we can use but in some cases.

    Я люблю рыбу, сестра же её ненавидит.
    I love fish but sister hates it.

    Я думаю, что лето будет жарким, она же настроена пессимистично.
    I think that summer will be hot but she feels pessimistic.

    Справа был лес, слева же - поля.
    On the right side was forest but there were fields on the left side.

    Remember that we use же in this case only after second subject. And we have a pause after же.


    2. ЖЕ в аргументативной функции.

    Imagine that you have two sentences: A and B. And A is beginning of thought, B is its end.
    And B is a objection or persuasion. "A, but B." or "A, cause B." In this case же can be only in B, after subject.

    We can make a dialogue:
    - Покрась стены. (It's A)
    - Но я же не умею! (It's B)
    Он попросил меня покрасить стены, но я же не умею это делать!

    - Рaint the walls. (It's A)
    - But I can't! (It's B)
    He asked me to paint the walls but I can't do it!

    Что ты здесь делаешь? Гости же уже приехали!
    What are you doing here? Guests already have arrived!

    Приберись на столе, это же твой стол.
    Clean the table, it's your table.

    Мне не нравится здесь, пойдем отсюда. Должно же рядом быть другое кафе.
    We haven't subject in B so we use же afrer action.
    I don't like this place, let us go. It should be another cafe near here.

    - Ты купил хлеб?
    - Да, я же не тупой.

    - Did you buy bread?
    - Yes, I'm not stupid.


    3. Же в побуждениях и требованиях
    You can use же to intensify request not in a rude way. Like 'let'.

    - Пойдемте же!
    - Let' go!


    4. Же в вопросительных высказываниях.

    In question we can use же after question word. Like exactly.

    - Я купил фрукты.
    - И какие же?
    - Яблоки.

    - I bought fruits.
    - Which fruits exactly?
    - Apples.

    - Где кот?
    - Думаю, дома.
    - И где же?
    - Наверное в гостиной.

    - Where is cat?
    - I think at home.
    - Where is it exactly?
    - It might be in the living room.


    5. Же в восклицаниях.

    You can add же in emotional sentences like too or so.

    Какой же ты счастливый!
    You are so happy!

    Как долго же мы ехали!
    Road took so much time!


    6. ЖЕ как идентификатор.

    In English you, guys, have articles like a, an, the. We don't use it but sometimes we need to know exactely which things we speak about - abstract or concrete. So we also use же.

    - На какой машине ты ездила в отпуск?
    - На этой же.

    - Which car did you drive then you went to holidays?
    - Thе same one.

    - Где ты купил эти фрукты?
    - В ближайшем супермаркете.
    - А молоко?
    - Там же.

    - Where have you bought this fruits?
    - In the nearest supermarket.
    - And where have you bought milk?
    - In the same place.


    7. Же в сравнениях.

    We use же + как in comparison like as + as.

    Яблоки бывают такими же большими, как и апельсины.
    Apples might be as big as oranges.

    Это дерево такое же высокое, как и тот дом.
    This tree is as hight as that house.


    8. ЖЕ и безотлагательность

    Же might be used to show how quick something happend.

    Фотоаппарат сломался в первый же вечер.
    Camera was broken in the first evening.

    Я узнал об этом в первый же день.
    I knew about it in a first day.
    Last edited by Lampada; January 18th, 2012 at 12:49 AM. Reason: mistake(
    If you learn Russian and need help, I'd like to try.

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