Thread: Глагол "выучить"

In the sentence "Я уже прочитал по-русски небольшие рассказы Пушкина, выучил и хорошо запомнил одно большое его стихотворение." is the выучить the perfective aspect of учить? Cause my book of verbs shows the pair учить - научить. Does научить mean the same as выучить or what? Would it be correct to write научить in that sentence?

Originally Posted by erika

In the sentence "Я уже прочитал по-русски небольшие рассказы Пушкина, выучил и хорошо запомнил одно большое его стихотворение." is the выучить the perfective aspect of учить? Cause my book of verbs shows the pair учить - научить. Does научить mean the same as выучить or what? Would it be correct to write научить in that sentence?

научить is A perfective of учить. Most verbs have more than one perfective form.

Выучить - to learn (but can also mean to teach)
Научить - to teach

"Выучить стихотворение" in this context means learn the poem exactly how it is, word-to-word.

Originally Posted by TATY

Originally Posted by erika

In the sentence "Я уже прочитал по-русски небольшие рассказы Пушкина, выучил и хорошо запомнил одно большое его стихотворение." is the выучить the perfective aspect of учить? Cause my book of verbs shows the pair учить - научить. Does научить mean the same as выучить or what? Would it be correct to write научить in that sentence?

научить is A perfective of учить. Most verbs have more than one perfective form.

Выучить - to learn (but can also mean to teach)
Научить - to teach

Aaaah, then Научить and Выучить are both perfective forms of учить?

Yes, and there are many more perfective forms with all different meanings!

Originally Posted by kalinka_vinnie

Yes, and there are many more perfective forms with all different meanings!

Those million prefixes kill me
There should be a list somewhere with prefixes and their meanings mhmmhmmh..

Originally Posted by erika

Originally Posted by TATY

Originally Posted by erika

In the sentence "Я уже прочитал по-русски небольшие рассказы Пушкина, выучил и хорошо запомнил одно большое его стихотворение." is the выучить the perfective aspect of учить? Cause my book of verbs shows the pair учить - научить. Does научить mean the same as выучить or what? Would it be correct to write научить in that sentence?

научить is A perfective of учить. Most verbs have more than one perfective form.

Выучить - to learn (but can also mean to teach)
Научить - to teach

Aaaah, then Научить and Выучить are both perfective forms of учить?

There is also обучить

Учить(ся) - can mean "to learn" and "to teach"

Учить кого-н. чему-н. = To teach someone something
The something is a dative noun or infinitive verb, the someone in the accusative:

Я учу Джона русскому языку - I am teaching John Russian
Он меня учит играть на скрипке - He is teaching me to play the violon

You can also use it to mean study: Я учу русский язык.

Выучить что-н. - To learn / memorise something (accusative)

Учиться means to learn / to study, to be a student. Since it is reflexive it can't take a direct object.
Я учусь в Лондонском университете - I study at the University of London
Я учусь русский язык - This is wrong. You can't put a direct object with a reflexive. It must go into the dative

Учиться чему-н. - To learn something

Я учу русский язык. - I learn Russian
Я учусь в Лондонском униврситете.
Я учусь русскому языку - I learn Russian


Научить (perfective) - to teach

Он меня научил водить машину - He taught me to drive.
Он меня учил водить машину - He use to teach me / was teaching me to drive.

Научиться -
Я научился русскому языку - I learnt (mastered) Russian.

Изучать что-н. - To study something
Я изучаю русский язык

Заниматься чем-н. - This can also mean to study in context. It more means "to occupy oneself with"

Я занимаюсь русским языком

To summarise:

To learn something:

Учить что-н. (acc.) / [Perfective - Выучить]
Учиться чему-н. (dat.) / [Perfectives - Выучиться / Научиться]
Изучать что-н. (acc.) / [Perfective - Изучить]

To study (be a student):

Учиться в Москве - To study in Moscow
Учиться шесть лет - To study for six years

To teach:

Учить кого-н. чему-н. - To teach someone something [Perfective - Научить]

It is not a good sentence stylistically, "выучил" and "хорошо запомнил" are synonyms in this context (Vesh has already said that), and I don't see a point in using them together.

Wooohoo, thanks a lot for the great explanation, TATY!
You got me to start understanding a point that has always been really confusing to me: The dative being used after reflexive verbs. I was always like when I saw sentences like Я учу Джона русскому языку - I am teaching John Russian or Я учусь русскому языку - I learn Russian. It always looked so strange to me, now I think I get it.
Can I say something like "Я учусь русскому языку на филологическом факултете"?

Eeh, that dative construction gets confusing to me when I think about, for example, how would someone say "I study for the Russian test"?

Originally Posted by erika

Wooohoo, thanks a lot for the great explanation, TATY!
You got me to start understanding a point that has always been really confusing to me: The dative being used after reflexive verbs. I was always like when I saw sentences like Я учу Джона русскому языку - I am teaching John Russian or Я учусь русскому языку - I learn Russian. It always looked so strange to me, now I think I get it.
Can I say something like "Я учусь русскому языку на филологическом факултете"?

Eeh, that dative construction gets confusing to me when I think about, for example, how would someone say "I study for the Russian test"?

Probably. Although perhaps Я изучаю русский язык на филфаке is better.

At university they tended not to go into too much detail. They just taught us what to use in contexts.

They'd just say like:

"If you want to say you study somewhere use учусь"
"If you are saying what you study, use изучаю"

Maybe just say "Я готовлюсь к экзаменам" - I am preparing/revising for exams.

It is not a rule that reflexives are used with the dative. It tends to be dative or instrumental though:

Instrumental:

Я занимаюсь спортом
Мы интересуемся английскими книгами

Dative:

Студентам нравится ТАТУ
Мне снился монастырь (you get a prize if you tell me where this is from)

Not that dreaming is a passive action in Russian. The dreamer is in the dative:

Ты мне приснишься - I will dream about you (literally: "You will dream yourself to me").

Originally Posted by TATY

Originally Posted by erika

Wooohoo, thanks a lot for the great explanation, TATY!
You got me to start understanding a point that has always been really confusing to me: The dative being used after reflexive verbs. I was always like when I saw sentences like Я учу Джона русскому языку - I am teaching John Russian or Я учусь русскому языку - I learn Russian. It always looked so strange to me, now I think I get it.
Can I say something like "Я учусь русскому языку на филологическом факултете"?

Eeh, that dative construction gets confusing to me when I think about, for example, how would someone say "I study for the Russian test"?

Probably. Although perhaps Я изучаю русский язык на филфаке is better.

At university they tended not to go into too much detail. They just taught us what to use in contexts.

They'd just say like:

"If you want to say you study somewhere use учусь"
"If you are saying what you study, use изучаю"

Maybe just say "Я готовлюсь к экзаменам" - I am preparing/revising for exams.

It is not a rule that reflexives are used with the dative. It tends to be dative or instrumental though:

Instrumental:

Я занимаюсь спортом
Мы интересуемся английскими книгами

Dative:

Студентам нравится ТАТУ
Мне снился монастырь (you get a prize if you tell me where this is from)

Not that dreaming is a passive action in Russian. The dreamer is in the dative:

Ты мне приснишся - I will dream about you (literally: "You will dream yourself to me").

Originally Posted by erika

Originally Posted by kalinka_vinnie

Yes, and there are many more perfective forms with all different meanings!

Those million prefixes kill me
There should be a list somewhere with prefixes and their meanings mhmmhmmh..

выучить, научить, обучить, разучить, приучить, заучить, отучить, проучить, изучить, ...
I'm afraid there is no list of prefixes and their meanings. Meanings are not strongly associated with prefixes themselves, but each prefix can modify different words in different ways, sometimes completely changing the meaning.
I think in this sense Russian is very similar to German.

Originally Posted by pisces

I think in this sense Russian is very similar to German.

genau!

Хорошо, но дело в том, что нам трудно выбирать приставку, которую лучше и правильнee будет.

There are lists of prefixes and their "meanings," but I think their main use is to understand why a word is the way it is after you find out what it means

Я проучу уродливого мальчика, который украл у меня бумажник.

I will teach him a lesson????

Originally Posted by basurero

Я проучу уродливого мальчика, который украл у меня бумажник.

I will teach him a lesson????

Dont think its correct....
It must be like "I'm going to beat the hell outta him for it!!!"

Originally Posted by basurero

Я проучу уродливого мальчика, который украл у меня бумажник.

I will teach him a lesson????

Correct.
Проучить here - to teach a lesson

The difference between Chuvak's suggestion and this is in the fact that Chuvak intends just to punish while проучить = to punish in such a manner that the said thief would learn not to steal anymore or regret it bitterly.
Of course you can beat him but to me there is a difference between проучить (to teach a lesson) and наказать (to punish).

You can also say:
Я отучу его воровать.
Отучивать = to break of a habbit, to disaccustom.

Or, like Chuvak said:
Я отобью у него охоту воровать.
(I'll beat the stealing out of him)

Originally Posted by basurero

Я проучу уродливого мальчика, который украл у меня бумажник.

уродливого??

Yes, yродливый unlike ugly has only one meaning - physically unattractive. There is this word - "гадкий", that can also mean repulsive/objectionable, but it sounds a bit girly. Мерзкий maybe?

However, if you say "Я проучу урода, который украл мой бумажник", then it makes sense.