Quote Originally Posted by devochka View Post

Личные карты учащихся в 1-4 классах ведутся учителями, в 5-11 (12)-классными руководителями.
Personal forms of students at years 1-4 are maintained by their teachers, at years 5-11(12) - by their tutors.

The difference is that in Russian school students of 1-4 have only one teacher for all lessons, while later they attend many teachers and only one of them is the tutor of the group.