For example, if some of the French oil explorers want to hire a couple of Kaluli guides to lurk in Papua New Guinea forest, that means French geologists would either have Kaluli learn to speak French or themselves learn to speak one of the Bosavi dialects. And if Kaluli want to sell their crafted wooden figures of birds in France, the same question could be asked again - who would learn whose language. Needless to say, if the commercial ties are strong, both French and Kaluli would learn each other language. So, I think, option 1 is not strange, actually the most natural, but definitely not the most effective for Kaluli if they ever decide to also sell their handicraft in England, Spain, Portugal, Russia, South Arabia, and so on.![]()