Hmmm how interesting! Which did you settle for in the end? It's one of my favourite Russian names, it has a cool sound to it. Of course you could just make people call you "Art" which I think is a nickname for Arthur. In Scandinavia and Germany, the spelling is always Artjom. Assuming the person uses a rolling r, you get exactly the same pronunciation as in Russian.There is no ё sound in English. I had to write my name either as Artyom or as Artem. Both are incorrect
I got tired of people abusing my name in English and simply adopted an English nickname. English people liked using the nickname, so it wored fine.
When I was travelling in some Russian speaking countries recently I was irritated that they routinely transcribed my name into Cyrillic letters as if it was an English name. So I got to hear the incorrect version of my name in English, pronunced with a Russian accent - that is too much. If I ever go to Russia for any extended period i will insist on the transliteration that I decide!