Привет.
What is the difference between "сказать" and "поговорить"? The only thing I understand is that they both indicate the future of "говорить".
спасибо!
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Привет.
What is the difference between "сказать" and "поговорить"? The only thing I understand is that they both indicate the future of "говорить".
спасибо!
"сказать" - to say or to tell(once), "поговорить" - to have a conversation
spasibo
1. Neither of them indicates future unless you put it into the future form.Quote:
Originally Posted by Antonio1986
The forms you have provided are the infinitive forms. The infinitive does not have any tense. But you can put it into the Past, the Future, or the Present. The Present is only available for the Imperfective verbs. The verbs you are asking about are Perfective, so they do not have Present, only Past and Future:
"Сказать"
Past:
Я сказал (I said, I told something).
Future:
Я скажу (I will say, I will tell something).
"Поговорить"
Past:
Я поговорил (I had a conversation with someone).
Future:
Я поговорю (I will have a converstation with someone).
2. What makes these verbs similar is that both of them are perfective (while "говорить" is imperfective).
If you are not familiar with the concept of the aspect (Perfective vs Imperfective), then you are going to listen to a long story about it, and there is a lot of things to understand (not possible to put it into a single post).
To make it simpler, first notice the fact the Imperfective verb can be used in any Tense:
Present: Я говорю. (I am speaking, or I speak).
Past: Я говорил. (I was speaking, or I used to speak).
Future: Я буду говорить. (I will be speaking).
The perfective verbs, as I wrote above, do not have Present, they can only be used in Past or in Future.
3. The difference between "сказать" and "поговорить" is in their meaning. "Cказать", as Wanja explained, indicates a one-time completed action:
Он сказал мне, что он не придёт. - He told me that he would not come.
"Поговорить" belongs to the class of verbs of the so-called "limited action" (which is indicated by the prefix "по-"). In fact, it means "to speak for some limited amount of time":
Я вчера поговорил с Петром. - Yesterday I talked to Peter (for a limited time duration, i.e. I had a conversation with him).
Privet :)
I know that "u menya est' mashina" means I have a car.
What I don't know is how to say by using the structure of "u mengya est'":
(1) I had a car
(2) I will have a car.
мне нужна помощь пожалуйста!!!
Present: У меня есть машина. I have a car. (literally: At me is car).
Past: У меня была машина. I had a car. (literally: At me was car).
Future: У меня будет машина. I will have a car. (literally: At me will be car).
Spasiba.
As I understood the verb "est''" changes according to the object that follows.
Naprimer:
1. Past: у меня был стакан : In this Case the object is masculine.
2. Future: у меня будут машины : In this Case the the object is in plural.
You're absolutely right!Quote:
Originally Posted by Antonio1986
That's because "стакан", "машины" etc. is grammaticaly the subject of the phrase (like "a glass was", "cars will be").
Privet.
My question is regarding the Russian Irregular Verbs that change the stem on the first person Singular.
I have found the following examples:
INFINITIVE - FIRST PERSON SINGULAR
1. ответить - отвечу
2. ходить - хожу
3. гордиться - горжусь
4. видеть - вижу
5. сидеть - сижу
6. стать - стану
7. плакать - плачу
8. сказать - скажу
Are there any specific rules whether I should use ж, ч, н when I change the stem in the first person singular?
For example the verbs ending in "-дить" and "-деть" seem to transform "д" to "ж"?
Is this one rule?
спасибо !!!
This is not irregular.
This is called consonant mutation. стать does not belong in this list, different idea.
For ить verbs, first person:
д => ж
з => ж
т => ч
с => ш eg Попрошу вас...
ст => щ
For плакать and __казать verbs (and several others) the mutation is throughout the present tense. Скажешь мне ... Они плачут. etc.
Another mutation is insertion of ль.
Verbs that have ......(б п в ф м)ить insert the ль. Eg любить => Люблю ... ставить кормить etc do this.
Technically, this is true -- one needs to distinguish between "truly irregular" verbs (believe it or not, some scholars would say that Russian has only four of them *) and "verbs whose conjugations are annoying and confusing to foreigners" (of which Russian has too many to count). But from a learner's perspective, a verb conjugation like that of мочь (я могу, ты можешь...) might as well be irregular, even though strictly speaking it's not.Quote:
Originally Posted by Seraph
* Or, to be more precise, there are only four "basic, unprefixed" irregular verbs, though you can form additional verbs (with the same irregular conjugations) by prefixing. These basic irregular verbs are:
есть ("to eat")
дать ("to give," perfective)
хотеть ("to want")
бежать ("to run," uni-directional)
However, examples such as идти having the past tense forms шёл, шла... aren't counted among these "irregular" verbs -- even though for all practical purposes идти would seem to qualify as "highly irregular."
So, Antonio, that's what Seraph was getting at in saying that these "mutating-consonant" verbs are not irregular.
But even though there are tons of these verbs, it's possible to group them into (I'm guessing) fewer than three-dozen categories, such as:Quote:
"verbs whose conjugations are annoying and confusing to foreigners" (of which Russian has too many to count)
- "verbs that behave like пасть"
- "verbs that behave like давать "
- "verbs that behave like бить"
...and so forth.
Learning two or three dozen basic conjugational patterns seems like a lot, but obviously it's a lot more efficient than memorizing the individual conjugations for thousands of different verbs!
I'm not sure whether there's some kind of "sticky" post somewhere on MR summarizing all the conjugations by pattern -- does anyone know?
ездить? and then there's еть, in the идти group.
(исправил инфинитив)
Важно спряжение, а не на что заканчивается инфинитив.Quote:
Originally Posted by Seraph
I'm not sure what you were trying to say, forgive me if my corrections are wrongQuote:
Originally Posted by chaika
There is no word "еть" there is a word "едь" conjugated from the verb "ездить"
The same conjugation from the verb "идти" will be "иди"
please also note that пасть can be a noun with the meaning "mouth/jaws/gorge"Quote:
Originally Posted by Throbert McGee
... вить лить пить шить and prefixed forms ...and verbs that behave like мыть (выть крыть ныть рыть) and prefixed forms. Пасть => красть класть.Quote:
..."verbs that behave like бить"...
More of the 'а' verbs that mutate throughout the present tense: писать искать резать шептать махать.
искать махать have third type of mutation, velar (first two above are dental and labial).
г => ж
к => ч
х => ш
ск => щ
This mutation is rare compared to the dental and labial mutation. Also, the velar mutation is different than the following change, but it is easy to confuse the different types of changes:
ке => че
ге => же
Actaully, едь is a highly colloquial and substandard verb form; careful learners of Russian may want to avoid using it and stick to поезжай instead. There’s even a poem how wrong it is to use едь, etc.Quote:
Originally Posted by Doomer
Хочешь ЕХАТЬ? ПОЕЗЖАЙ!
Но не едь и не езжай.
ЗАЕЗЖАЙ и ПРИЕЗЖАЙ!
Ехай — это просто хай.
:D
Ехать, едь, езжай, ехай - Грамматика -
Privet,
пожалуйста I ask from a Native Russian to help me translate these expressionsQ
1. I am not in a good mood today
2. I am bored
3. Make yourself comfortable
4. You are invited to come and visit me any time it suits you.
5. Do you live permanently or temporarily in Cyprus
6. I want to establish my own company.
7. I have my own company.
8. Please, don't waste my time
9. What the word ... means?
10. I am pissed off (=Very angry).
Sposiba
1. У меня сегодня плохое настроение.
2. Мне скучно.
3. Устройся поудобнее (I'm not sure what you meant).
4. Вы приглашены ко мне в любое время, которое вас устроит.
5. Вы живёте на Кипре постоянно или временно?
6. Я хочу основать свою собственную компанию.
7. У меня есть своя собственная компания.
8. Пожалуйста, не тратьте моё время.
9. Что означает слово .... ?
10. Я взбешён.
Pozhalujsta
во первых, спасибо большое. With "Make yourself comfortable" I meant the case where a guest comes in your house and you want to tell him: "Feel as your house" or "Feel as home".
Oh, then it's
Чувствуйте себя как дома
отлично!!!
"Будьте как дома" - проще произносить :rose:
Yes, Maxim. "Будьте как дома" is more colloquial.
Also you can say "Располагайтесь как вам удобно", it's formal.
Privet,
I am an economist and I would like a Russian Native to help me translate the following five expressions.
The expressions are just examples, what I am concerned about is the use of the words: to be increased, to be decreased, to increase, to decrease, go up, go down, raise, rise:
1. In the last one year inflation increased by 10%.
2. Unemployment this year decreased by 5% in comparison with the level of unemployment two year ago.
3. The government decided to increase taxes.
4. The central bank decided to decrease the interest rates.
5. Prices went up dramatically in the last semester.
6. The company decided to raise the salaries by an average of 5%.
7. Prices are continuously rising since 2000.
Sbasibo
1. In the last one year inflation increased by 10%.
За один последний год инфляция повысилась на 10%.
2. Unemployment this year decreased by 5% in comparison with the level of unemployment two year ago.
В текущем году уровень безработицы снизился на 5% по сравнению с уровнем двухлетней давности.
3. The government decided to increase taxes.
Правительство приняло решение увеличить налоги.
4. The central bank decided to decrease the interest rates.
Центробанк принял решение понизить процентную ставку.
5. Prices went up dramatically in the last semester.
В прошлом семестре цены резко выросли.
6. The company decided to raise the salaries by an average of 5%.
Предприятие решило повысить зарплату в среднем на 5%.
7. Prices are continuously rising since 2000.
С 2000 года цены постоянно растут.
It's been a pleasure to help, Antonio!
otlichno!!! spasibo!!!
Privet,
Can a Native please translate the following expressions.
1. "Cancel a date" or "call of a date"
2. "Decline an offer" or "Turn down an offer"
3. He decided to give in
4. He decided not to give up.
5. They will keep going.
6. You need to chill out.
Spasibo.
1. "Cancel a date" or "call off a date" – отменить свидание
2. "Decline an offer" or "Turn down an offer" – отклонить предложение, отказаться от предложения
3. He decided to give in. - Он решил уступить (согласиться)
4. He decided not to give up. – Он решил не сдаваться.
5. They will keep going. – Они продолжат идти.
6. You need to chill out. – Тебе нужно успокоиться.
That was an excellent answer. I fully understand the concept of Perfective and Imperfective. My problem was the meaning of these two words but with the examples you provided the meaning was clarified.
As I understand skazat' is used with Dative: ona skazala nam, chto ... = She told us that ...
Pogovorit' is synonym of having a dialogue with someone and it is used with the Preposition: "c" + Instumental e.g. Я вчера поговорил с Петром
Pravil'no?
Spasibo.
Всегда пожалуйста. :)
Совершенно верно.
I just wanted to repeat this so that Antonio doesn't overlook it, since there are quite a number of по- perfectives that have this meaning of "to do such-and-such for a little while [but then stop doing it]." So:Quote:
Originally Posted by Боб Уайтман
Я сидел на диване. = "I was sitting on the sofa [and sat and sat and sat, and kept on sitting...]"
Я посидел на диване. = "I sat for a little bit on the sofa [then I stood up and went outside for a walk]."
My impression as a non-native learner is that отказаться (от) would suggest a stronger refusal (perhaps the offer was offensive in some way), while отклонить could mean that the offer was simply uninteresting to you. Is this correct, Helenej?Quote:
Originally Posted by Helenej
I think the Russian translation that Helenej suggests would usually mean "they'll keep walking" (or, if you're talking about buses and trains, "They'll keep operating on this route").Quote:
Originally Posted by Helenej
But "to keep going" can have other idiomatic senses in English, such as "to be persistent" or "to stay in business" or "to survive," or "to not quit," etc. So depending on the sense, you could use infinitives other than идти after the verb продолжать/продолжить ("to continue").
Like, "The women's shoe-store will keep going" (even though it had to lay off one-third of its employees) could be Магазин продолжит продавать женскую обувь. ("The store will continue to sell women's footwear.")
In other contexts, using some negated construction such as Они не перестанут ("they will not stop...") would sound better than Они продолжат ("they will continue...").
But in any case, "to keep going" is so idiomatic and non-specific that more context is necessary to translate it properly.
Throbert отклонить and отказаться mean absolutely the same thing here.
Maybe the difference is that отказаться may be used in colloquial speech while отклонить is very formal.
A tough question, you know. I didn’t find any answer to it in the web. This is just what I think.Quote:
Originally Posted by Throbert McGee
Neither of these words is emotional. They both are neutral.
Отказываться (от) means
1. to refuse or reject smb’s offer like food, money, present, award, help, job, post, offer, role, trainer, deputy mandate, throne, smb’s sacrifice, chance, attempt.
2. to cancel smth planned before like trip, purchase, joining the Navy, relocating.
3. to disown smth. like thought, idea, intention, theory, view, signature.
Отклонить means to refuse smth, to give the negative response to smth. It is not applied to offerings or suggestions. We отклоняем application, claim, request, candidature, petition, bill, prosecutor’s protest, project.
With regard to what is declined the usage of this word seems to be more or less formal or official. I agree with Medved that the word combinations with отклонять sound formal with the slightest difference that отклонять is not formal itself. Maybe it sounds formal rather because of the realities to which it is applied. Nevertheless the difference doesn’t lie in the style only.
"Существуют опасения, что кабинет министров Украины будет вынужден отказаться от помощи Международного валютного фонда" is quite correct, thought it apparently can be said at some official level. As well as "Существуют опасения, что кабинет министров Украины будет вынужден отклонить предложение помощи Международным валютным фондом." I don’t know.
Btw, when we deal with a suggestion to do smth. we generally use отказаться сделать что-либо.
Предложение can be translated into English as offer, suggestion or proposal. So we need to choose the proper Russian version in accordance with the context.
In the following pairs the first sentence is correct and the second is incorrect.
1. Она отказалась от его помощи. Она отклонила его помощь.
2. Депутаты отклонили законопроект. Депутаты отказались от законопроекта.
Privet,
Can please someone help me to understand the transive and intransive aspect of the verb "smell"
For example:
1. The flower smells nice (intransive)
2. I want to smell the flower (transive)
Spasibo
Пахнуть.Quote:
1. The flower smells nice (intransitive)
Цветок хорошо пахнет.
Чувствовать запах (=to feel the odor). Обонять (rarely)Quote:
2. I want to smell the flower (transitive)
Я хочу чувствовать запах цветов.