"Власову-то деревню" means "Vlas's village". He could say "деревню Власа" (= a village of Vlas), it's almost the same, like in English. But when we change word order, it implies different stresses. In the phrase "Власову деревню" a notional accent shifts to "Влас". On the contrary, in the phrase "деревня Власа" it shifts to "деревня". But those are just slight nuances.
Remember that "-то" it's just an expressive particle here (showing emotions of the speaker), it has nothing to do with belonging of the objects. So it could be "Власову деревню" or "Власова деревня", without "-то".