Yes, because it's assumed that your question is generic. You're asking someone if they've ever been blackmailed (by anyone). If you wanted to ask that someone if they've been blackmailed by a particular person, yet still remain ambiguous, you'd say "Has someone blackmailed you?" implying you know that it has happened and that it was one specific person or in reference to a particular event. Essentially, there are more known facts implied by saying "someone" over "anyone."