The transcript is oddly organized and hard to figure out, so this is speculative.
I assume English and Social Studies are core courses for the degree but for some reason the word Core, although not a subject, appears in the subject column; "required" would do just as well. Cal. seems to mean catalog, as courses are listed in a catalog with a number. "S" probably means satisfactory, as the course is most likely pass/fail and isn't graded.