21. The main function of the president’s cabinet is
A. to put together the federal budget and submit it to Congress
B. to write federal regulations
C. to provide advice to the president
D. to provide leadership in the event the president is unable to perform his duties
E. to provide information regarding proposed legislation by testifying before Congress

22. Which statement correctly describes political socialization?
A. Political socialization motivates citizens to become active in politics.
B. Political socialization tends to produce citizens more inclined to accept socialistic programs as they get older.
C. Political socialization is a continuing process in which the adult years are the most important.
D. Political socialization is the term used to describe the growth of entitlement programs.
E. Political socialization is the process through which individuals develop their political values and beliefs.

23. Which of the statements below best describes reapportionment?
A. the redrawing of congressional districts by the House of Representatives based on a new census
B. the redrawing of congressional districts by state governments based on a new census
C. the reallocation of seats in the Senate and House of Representatives based on a new census
D. the reallocation of seats in the House of Representatives to the states based on a new census
E. the reallocation of seats on committees in the House of Representatives and the Senate between the two parties based on the most recent election

24. The concept that the American political process is dominated by the struggle of multiple interest groups each trying to advance its own political goals can best be described as
A. democracy
B. pluralism
C. free enterprise
D. socialism
E. elitism

26. Which of the following is NOT a check on the power of the president that the Constitution gives Congress?
A. Congress can pass a law the president has vetoed.
B. Congress can reject the president’s selections of people to fill key positions in the Executive Office of the President.
C. Congress can reject a treaty the president has negotiated.
D. Congress can refuse to fund a program the president supports.
E. Congress can reject the president’s nominees for federal judges.

27. Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of passing the annual federal budget?
A. Federal agencies submit their budget requests directly to Congress.
B. The Office of Management and Budget reviews the budget requests of the various federal agencies.
C. The appropriations committees in the House and the Senate consider the proposed budget.
D. The budget committees in the House and Senate consider the proposed budget.
E. The president signs or vetoes the various appropriations bills passed by Congress.


28. The main reason why the popular vote and the electoral vote for president may be very different is
A. the prevalence of horse-trading and corruption in American politics
B. the candidates focus their campaigns only on a few swing states
C. small states have more power in the Electoral College than their population would merit
D. electors often switch votes to vote for the winning candidate to gain political influence and advance their careers
E. the winner-take-all system most states use in selecting electors

29. The decision of the Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade was based on
A. the Free-Exercise Clause of the First Amendment
B. the right to privacy stated in the Bill of Rights
C. the right to privacy implied in the Bill of Rights
D. the right to privacy established in Lawrence v. Texas
E. the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment

30. Which of the following federal courts have/has original jurisdiction?
A. The Supreme Court and U.S. District Courts
B. U.S. District Courts and U.S. Courts of Appeal
C. U.S. Courts of Appeal only
D. U.S. District Courts only
E. State supreme courts

31. The “Elastic Clause” of the Constitution
A. held the union together by setting up a bicameral Congress—a compromise between large and small states that allowed equal representation in one house and representation based on population in the other house
B. provides that a state’s representation in Congress will go up or down every ten years based on a new national census
C. gives the president the authority to assume greater power in a time of war
D. states that powers not specifically given to the national government are reserved to the states or the people
E. states that the national government’s powers include implied powers not specifically listed in the Constitution

32. The chief accomplishment of the Anti-Federalists in the debate over the Constitution was the
A. Great Compromise creating a bicameral legislative branch
B. the establishment of a national bank
C. the addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution
D. the precedent established by George Washington that the president should be limited to two terms in office
E. the establishment of the system of electoral votes to select the president, rather than the people themselves

33. Which statement below best describes an open primary?
A. The election is open to all candidates who want on the ballot, not just those approved by the party leadership.
B. Voters can cross party lines voting for candidates of different parties in the primary election.
C. The voting booths are open and the secret ballot is not used.
D. It is a primary election in which voters can vote during a specified period of time rather than just on Election Day.
E. Voters can choose which party’s primary election ballot they want to use to vote.

34. Which one of the following statements does NOT correctly describe
administrative law?
A. Administrative law is law written by federal agencies rather than Congress.
B. Administrative law does not have the full force of law that statutory law has.
C. Administrative law can be overturned by the Supreme Court.
D. Congress can overturn administrative law by passing statutory laws.
E. Administrative law is written to carry out or enforce statutory laws.

35. What role does Congress play in amending the Constitution?
A. Congress submits amendments to the states for their approval.
B. Congress approves or rejects amendments supported by two thirds of the states.
C. The Senate approves proposed amendments by a two-thirds vote, but the House plays little role in the process.
D. Congress passes amendments by a two-thirds vote, sending them to the president for his signature or veto.
E. Congress plays no formal role; the Constitution is amended by the states.

37. In a congressional race, the news media are LEAST likely to focus on
A. which candidate is ahead in the polls
B. in-depth reporting on the issues on which the candidates disagree
C. negative statements made by one candidate about the other
D. any scandal or accusations of scandal involving a candidate
E. blunders a candidate makes

38. What is grassroots lobbying?
A. an interest group encouraging and organizing its members to contact their representatives in Congress in support of the interest group’s policy goals
B. a public relations campaign an interest group undertakes to change the opinions of ordinary citizens
C. an effort by an interest group to increase its membership
D. lobbying by community groups when no national interest group has been formed
E. a campaign by the interest group’s members to change the position of the interest group’s leadership on proposed legislation

39. Which one of the following statements does NOT help explain why incumbents in the House of Representatives usually get reelected?
A. Incumbents can take credit for bringing federal projects to their district.
B. Incumbents usually have better name recognition since they’ve been on the ballot before.
C. Incumbents have had time to build support through constituent service.
D. Incumbents almost always reflect the views of their constituents better than challengers.
E. Incumbents have a fund-raising advantage.