1. Explain how the ingredients needed for beer is related to humans changing from a hunter gather lifestyle to settled communities.
Not ingredients only. Processing barley into malt, extracting, etc. Not suitable to moving around while in process, nor for storage.

All questions about civ and beer are somewhat tongue in cheek, because the real driver is bread, and all the requirements for bread allow one to make beer as well. Crop => must water, protect from animals, weed, etc. => must be present in stable protectable community. Crop cycle, grain product, only works by having sufficient or excess => granaries, must be able to store lots of dried grain and protect from competitors, animals, elements etc. With crop capability and storage, and community, you can then have bread year round. And beer. Can't get to first base without some sort of stable residence, or community, in order to get crop. Then must protect from competitors, animals etc. To get malt/beer the stable residence/community has to be in place first. Because you need stored grain, and facilities to process into malt, extract, etc. You only get the beer if all else is in place first. (haven't mentioned barley, wheat differences, but yes you can malt wheat)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granary#Early_origins