Okay, it was word order that confused me. You're right Alex, I was stupid to overlook grammatical cases.
So:-
'It flew off, but the anguish remained unexplained, because another brief thought could not really explain it.'
Which, retaining the order of clauses in the original, becomes:-
'It flew off, but the anguish remained unexplained, since it could not well BE EXPLAINED BY ...another brief thought:-'
I need to remember to look at case first, then word order second, THEN work out how to express this in English word order. Not the other way around, or whatever I did with this sentence...
Thanks both.