тоже и также

For the use of тоже и также I have a rule that always works:
тоже: 2 persons, 1 action. John is here; you, тоже (are here)
также: 1 person, 2 actions: I study Russian; and также German.
However I find in an exercise in the web something in confict with this. There is said: Soviet Agency of Space selects persons as cosmonauts; and NASA ALSO selects persons as astronauts. Here тоже will be waited following "my" rule. But not, также is used.
Роскосмос объявил о дополнительном наборе кандидатов в космонавты.
.....
Напомним, что в октябре 2011 года американское космическое агенство NASA также начало набор астронавтов.
Is there a mistake in the exercise?. Unless and perhaps it is something byzantin we consider being in front of two actions (make a complementary selection) and (begin a selection). Thank you.

In your example "тоже" will do too.

Your rule is good as a first approach. But I think in most cases "тоже" can be replaced by "также" but not vice versa.

Также sounds more official than тоже so if you want to turn a text into officialese replace all "тоже" by "также". But for a good literary text "тоже" is better. In my opinion overuse of "также" is just disgusting.

Thank you, dr it-ogo.

Radomir: If I'm not mistaken, также would be preferred in a sentence like:

"I study Russian, and I also collect stamps." (One subject; two completely different actions applied to two different objects.)

But if you say:
(1) "I study Russian, and so does Mary." or
(2) "I study Russian, and I also study German" or
(3) "I collect stamps, and also I collect old movie posters"

...then you'd use тоже in all three sentences. #1 is two subjects with one action, while #2 and #3 both have one subject with one type of action (although the same action is applied to two different verb-objects).

Quote:

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Originally Posted by Throbert McGee

Radomir: If I'm not mistaken, также would be preferred in a sentence like:

"I study Russian, and I also collect stamps." (One subject; two completely different actions applied to two different objects.)

But if you say:
(1) "I study Russian, and so does Mary." or
(2) "I study Russian, and I also study German" or
(3) "I collect stamps, and also I collect old movie posters"

...then you'd use тоже in all three sentences. #1 is two subjects with one action, while #2 and #3 both have one subject with one type of action (although the same action is applied to two different verb-objects).

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Thanks, I will keep your interesting answers.