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According to Wikipedia (https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.ph...0%BF.#mw-pages), there are many abbreviations in use in written Russian, which end with a full stop.
Can anyone give an opinion as to what abbreviations (ending in a full stop) I'd be likely to come across in news, culture or entertainment oriented websites?
Thanks! It's for a software project I'm doing; I don't want to waste time coding for abbreviations I'll rarely see...
These are some common ones I managed to think up:
abbr. full form meaning can conclude a sentence р. рубль/рублей or река rouble(s) or river yes и т. д. и так далее etc. yes и т. п. и тому подобное and the like yes т. е. то есть i.e. no т. о. таким образом thus no др. другой other, et al. yes пр. прочее or проспект other or avenue yes г. год, or город, or господин/госпожа year, or city/town, or Mr/Ms yes с. село village yes* пос. посёлок settlement no ул. улица street no пер. переулок lane no д. дом building no кв. квартира or квадратный apartment or squared no тыс. тысяча thousand yes млн. миллион million yes млрд. миллиард billion yes о. остров island no оз. озеро lake no напр. например for example no
In abbreviations with multiple full stops, the space between is optional (e.g. both «т.е.» and «т. е.» are used).
____________________
* Cannot appear at the end of a sentence, but can be confused with the abbreviation «с» ‘second(s)’ (without a full stop) when at the end of a sentence.
Ещё могут заканчивать предложение:
г. - грамм
мг. - миллиграмм
кг. - килограмм
т. - тонна
мм. - миллиметр
см. - сантиметр
м. - метр
км. - километр
сек. - секунда
ч. - час
к. - копейка/копеек
с. г. - сего года
ст. / стр. - страница
до н. э. - до нашей эры
шт. - штука/штук
Those are used without a full stop (except when at the end of a sentence, of course).Quote:
Originally Posted by Lampada
Yes. Those can be used either with or without a full stop.Quote:
Originally Posted by Lampada
мин(.) — минута — minute(s)
Yes. Or «коп.»Quote:
Originally Posted by Lampada
Some more:
abbr. full form meaning can conclude a sentence в. век century yes вв. века centuries yes гг. годы years yes
If you want to extract proper nouns from texts, then the abbreviation «г.» is an extremely interesting case.
If it means «год» ‘year’, it can conclude a sentence. So the next capitalized word cannot be unambiguously interpreted as a proper noun.
But when it means «город» ‘city’ or «господин» ‘Mr.’, then the next word is most probably a proper noun.
How to tell these cases apart? You should look behind. If a number is there, then it’s gonna be «год» ‘year’.
E.g.
«…постройка была завершена в 1958 г. Уже к середине шестидесятых на этом месте…» — a number behind => «Уже» is not a proper noun, it just starts a new sentence.
«…28 апреля в г. Уфе состоялась встреча советника…» — no number behind => «Уфе» is a proper noun.
And also «н. э.» — «нашей эры» (A.D.)Quote:
Originally Posted by Lampada
Wow! Thankyou both of you, that's going to be a great help.
If my software ever 'gets off the ground', I hope it will be useful to other people on here, possibly.
The idea is that it searches websites for articles etc that contain 98% known words, as referenced from a vocabulary list (it will ignore proper nouns in the text, for now). The weakness at the moment is that you have to build that list yourself. The other weakness is my poor coding skills, but I'm getting there...
Maybe I can make some vocabulary 'tests' which assess what level they are at, and suggests a list for them to start off with? All for the future.