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Thread: "На" против "Для"

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    Властелин iCake's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by Antonio1986 View Post
    What the following expression means: Я перевел текст за два часа.
    I cannot use: Я перевел текст на два часа?

    Also what it means:
    1. Он за год изучил русский язык
    2. За вечер он подготовился к докладу
    3. За день она выучила 25 новых слов.
    Я перевел текст за два часа - It took me two hours to translate the text
    Я перевел текст на два часа doesn't even make much sense

    Он за год изучил русский язык - It took him a year to learn Russian
    За вечер он подготовился к докладу - He prepared a report over evening

    За день она выучила 25 новых слов - She learned 25 new words over that day

    As you see за + time shows how much time it took to do something
    Antonio1986 likes this.
    I do not claim that my opinion is absolutely true.
    If you've spotted any mistake in my English, please, correct it. I want to be aware of any mistakes to efficiently eliminate them before they become a habit.

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    Завсегдатай Antonio1986's Avatar
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    As you see за + time shows how much time it took to do something
    My simple conclusions are:
    1. за + ... = In + time period
    2. на + ... = For + time period

    Because I always want to verified what I learned I wrote the following expressions:
    1. We opened two new factories in / during three years = Мы закрыли два новых завода за три года.
    2. They have issued the new driving licence in six days = Выдали новые водительские права за шесть дней.
    3. He sold his soul to the devil for 100 years = Он продал свою душу дьяволу на сто лет.
    4. Can you imagine your self after 10 years = Можете представить себя после десяти лет.
    5. I will finish my research in 30 days = Я закончу свое исследование за тридцать дней .
    6. After the accident he couldn't walk for 5 years = После аварии, он мог ходить на пять лет .
    7. The deficit will be covered in 3 years = Дефицит покроется за три года.
    8. He spent three days alive in the cold see, after his boat was sunk = Он провел три дня жив в холодном море, после того как его лодка затонул.
    9. Soviet Union lasted for 69 years = Союз Советских Социалистических Республик длился на шестьдесят девять лет
    10. During the last five days I slept less than 10 hours = За последние пять дней я спал менее десяти часов or В течение пяти дней я спал менее чем десять часов or Во время пять дней я спал менее десяти часов
    Last edited by Antonio1986; October 30th, 2013 at 10:35 AM. Reason: Improvement of the Format
    Чем больше слов, тем меньше они стоят.

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    Властелин iCake's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by Antonio1986 View Post
    My simple conclusions are:
    1. за + ... = In + time period
    2. на + ... = For + time period
    1. We opened two new factories in / during three years = Мы закрыли два новых завода за три года. - Good
    2. They have issued the new driving licence in six days = Выдали новые водительские права за шесть дней. - Good
    3. He sold his soul to the devil for 100 years = Он продал свою душу дьяволу на сто лет. - Good
    4. Can you imagine your self after 10 years = Можете представить себя ЧЕРЕЗ десять лет.
    5. I will finish my research in 30 days = Я закончу свое исследование за тридцать дней . - Good. However, this will be true if you estimate the TOTAL you need to finish your research. BUT, if you say when the research will be finished, for example, you've been working on it for some time but you say when it's finished you have to say:
    Я закончу своё исследование через тридцать дней.

    6. After the accident he couldn't walk for 5 years = После аварии, он НЕ мог ходить [B пять лет[/B]. You don't need any preposition before time expression here
    7. The deficit will be covered in 3 years = Дефицит покроется за три года. - Good
    8. He spent three days alive in the cold see, after his boat was sunk = Он провел три дня в холодном море, после того как его лодка затонула. - No need to use жив in there.
    9. Soviet Union lasted for 69 years = Союз Советских Социалистических Республик просуществовал шестьдесят девять лет - No preposition needed. And длился is not good in this case
    10. During the last five days I slept less than 10 hours = За последние пять дней я спал менее десяти часов or В течение пяти дней я спал менее чем десять часов or Во время пять дней я спал менее десяти часов - The first variant is just great and very natural, the second one is not that good still acceptable, although it doesn't directly say that you didn't sleep well the last five days, maybe those 5 days were 5 days from some other time in the past. The third one is not good at all.
    I do not claim that my opinion is absolutely true.
    If you've spotted any mistake in my English, please, correct it. I want to be aware of any mistakes to efficiently eliminate them before they become a habit.

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    Завсегдатай Antonio1986's Avatar
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    За последние пять дней я спал менее десяти часов
    I think I did a mistake: За последних пять дней.

    iCake you have provided an excellent analysis.

    And I would like to add that "На" usually is used for time periods associated with the future:
    1. Я строю планы на будущее
    2. Он продал свою душу дьяволу на сто лет
    3. Его посадили на два года.
    4. Статуя рассчитана на 40 лет
    5. He will be studying for 4 years = Он будет учится на четыре года.
    Чем больше слов, тем меньше они стоят.

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    Властелин iCake's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by Antonio1986 View Post
    I think I did a mistake: За последних пять дней.
    Um, I'm most sure I'd say за последние пять дней and not за последних пять дней. But I think both variants are possible

    As for examples:

    The first 4 are okay

    The 5th one should be:

    Он будет учится четыре года.

    Because it kind of fits in this statement

    Quote Originally Posted by iCake
    Нет предлога - Well, that's kind of tricky to explain this one. Well, it's usually used to say for how long the action is/was/will be active
    Antonio1986 likes this.
    I do not claim that my opinion is absolutely true.
    If you've spotted any mistake in my English, please, correct it. I want to be aware of any mistakes to efficiently eliminate them before they become a habit.

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    Увлечённый спикер bublinka's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by Antonio1986 View Post
    I think I did a mistake: За последних пять дней.
    За последние пять дней is correct. However it would be пять последних дней. The first one describes this time span as a whole, and the second one implies every of the last 5 days separately.


    Quote Originally Posted by Antonio1986 View Post
    5. He will be studying for 4 years = Он будет учится на четыре года.
    Он будет учиться четыре года (в течение четырех лет). Compare: Он уехал на стажировку на четыре года. I think this construction only works with perfective verbs.

    Quote Originally Posted by iCake View Post
    Он хромал десять дней - He was limping for 10 days
    Я думал пять минут - I was/have been thinking for 5 minutes
    Я думаю 5 минут - I am/have been thinking for 5 minutes
    Only imperfective verbs here
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