Would someone please check these phrases?

I have written some short phrases to help me learn my vocabulary. Would someone please check the spelling/grammar for me as I don't want to memorise something wrong! Also, can you tell me if any of them are phrased unnaturally.

Many thanks in advance. There will be more phrases to follow - I'm trying to get through them in batches of 10.

1. англичанка (f) – Englishwoman – Она англичанка. – She is an Englishwoman.
2. борщ (m) – borsch – Это борщ. – It’s borsch.
3. брат (m) – brother – Это мой брат. – This is my brother.
4. Ваня (m) – Vanya – Его зовут Ваня. – His name is Vanya.
5. вино (n) – wine – Красное вино, пожалуйста. – Red wine, please.
6. водка (f) – vodka – Где водка? – Where’s the vodka?
7. Володя (m) – Volodya – Володя едет на автобусе. – Volodya goes on the autobus.
8. газета (f) – newspaper – Я читаю газету. – I read (present tense) the newspaper.
9. дверь (f) – door – Вы закрываете дверь. – You shut (present tense) the door.
10. день (m) – day - Добрый день! – Good day!

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Originally Posted by Pretty Butterfly

8. газета (f) – newspaper – Я читаю газету. – I read (present tense) the newspaper.

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The rest looks OK.

[quote=it-ogo]

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Originally Posted by "Pretty Butterfly":33d6jweq

8. газета (f) – newspaper – Я читаю газету. – I read (present tense) the newspaper.

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The rest looks OK.[/quote:33d6jweq]

Thankyou so much. I will fix it. Newspaper is in the accusative case in that sentence, right?

Right.

Here's 10 more, if someone would be so kind. And now it's time for me to relax a little before bed.

10. день (m) – day - Добрый день! – Good day!
11. дом (m) – house – Я живу в доме. – I live in a house.
12. дядя (m) – uncle – Привет, Дядя Гарик. – Hi, Uncle Garik.
13. мать (f) – mother – Это моя мать. – This is my mother.
14. меню (n) – menu – Меню, пожалуйста. – The menu, please.
15. Москва (f) – Moscow – Она живёт в Москве. She lives in Moscow.
16. окно (n) – window – Он закрывает окно. – He closes the window.
17. папа (m) – father/dad – Где Папа? – Where’s Dad?
18. рубль (m) – rouble – Пять рублей, пожалуйста. – Five roubles, please.
19. Сибирь (f) – Siberia – Я еду в Сибирь. I’m going to Siberia.
20. сметана (f) – sour cream – Это сметана. It’s sour cream.

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Originally Posted by Pretty Butterfly

11. дом (m) – house – Я живу в доме. – I live in a house.
12. дядя (m) – uncle – Привет, Дядя Гарик. – Hi, Uncle Garik.
13. мать (f) – mother – Это моя мать. – This is my mother.
14. меню (n) – menu – Меню, пожалуйста. – The menu, please.
15. Москва (f) – Moscow – Она живёт в Москве. She lives in Moscow.
16. окно (n) – window – Он закрывает окно. – He closes the window.
17. рара (m) – father/dad – Где Папа? – Where’s Dad?
18. рубль (m) – rouble – Пять рублей, пожалуйста. – Five roubles, please.
19. Сибирь (f) – Siberia – Я еду в Сибирь. I’m going to Siberia.
20. сметана (f) – sour cream – Это сметана. It’s sour cream.

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OK so I couldn't resist checking on here before bed... Thanks for the help. I fixed the mistakes.

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Originally Posted by Basil77

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Originally Posted by Pretty Butterfly

12. дядя (m) – uncle – Привет, Дядя Гарик. – Hi, Uncle Garik.

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Schoolgirl error. :oops:

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Originally Posted by Basil77

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Originally Posted by Pretty Butterfly

18. рубль (m) – rouble – Пять рублей, пожалуйста. – Five roubles, please.

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I don't understand why "рубли" is wrong. I was trying to use the nominative plural. Did I use the wrong case or form the plural incorrectly (or both)?

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Originally Posted by Basil77

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Originally Posted by Pretty Butterfly

19. Сибирь (f) – Siberia – Я еду в Сибирь. I’m going to Siberia.

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I should have used the nominative case, or the accusative? But not the prepositional?

Sorry, but I forgot almost all the stuff about cases since school. :oops: So it's hard for me to explain. Moreover I never new English names for the cases. :) As far as I concern "рубли" here в Родительном падеже (Genetive?): пять (чего?) рублей. Only пять in nominative. In the meaning "five of roubles" ("like five of a kind" in poker :) ). And Сибирь as far as I can guess в Винительном (?) падеже: Еду (во что?) в Сибирь.
I'm not sure about my explanation, maybe someone with better knowlege of grammar will explain better, but you can be certain I'v corrected your sentences properly. :wink:

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Originally Posted by Basil77

I'm not sure about my explanation, maybe someone with better knowlege of grammar will explain better, but you can be certain I'v corrected your sentences properly. :wink:

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Thanks - I understand, I'm the same in English. I always know instinctively if something is right or wrong, but I can't always explain why.

I've done phrases from the rest of the vocab for the lesson, if someone would please check them:

21. такси (n) – taxi – Они едут на таски. – They go by taxi.
22. упражнение (n) – exercise – Упражнение три. – Exercise three.
23. утро (n) – morning – Доброе утро. – Good morning.
24. чай – (m) – tea – Это чай. – It’s tea.
25. шоколад (m) – chocolate – Где шоколад? – Where’s the chocolate?
26. где – where – Где Иркутск? – Where’s Irkutsk?
27. что – what – Что это? – What’s this/that?
28. он – he – Он говорит по-русски. – He speaks Russian.
29. она – she – Она живёт в Новосибирске. – She lives in Novosibirsk.
30. оно – it (referring to neuter noun) – Вот оно. – There it is.
31. это – this/that/it - Это пицца. – It’s pizza.
32. а – and/but – Она живёт во Владивостоке, а он живёт в Москве. – She lives in Vladivostok, and he lives in Moscow.
33. вот – there/here – Вот она. – Here/there she is.
34. да – yes – Да, я знаю. Yes, I know.
35. добрый день – good day - Добрый день, Елена Ивановна. – Good day, Elena Ivanovna.
36. до свидания – goodbye - До свидания, мой друг. – Goodbye, my friend.
37. здравствуйте – hello – Здравствуйте, Ваня. – Hello, Vanya.
38. нет – no – Нет, Я не говорю по-русски. – No, I don’t speak Russian.
39. пожалуйста – please/here you are//don’t mention it – Два, пожалуйста. - Two, please.
40. простите – excuse me – Простите, где метро? – Excuse me, where’s the metro?
41. спасибо – thank you - Большое спасибо. – Many thanks.

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Originally Posted by Pretty Butterfly

21. такси (n) – taxi – Они едут на таски. – They go by taxi.
22. упражнение (n) – exercise – Упражнение три. – Exercise three.
23. утро (n) – morning – Доброе утро. – Good morning.
24. чай – (m) – tea – Это чай. – It’s tea.
25. шоколад (m) – chocolate – Где шоколад? – Where’s the chocolate?
26. где – where – Где Иркутск? – Where’s Irkutsk?
27. что – what – Что это? – What’s this/that?
28. он – he – Он говорит по-русски. – He speaks Russian.
29. она – she – Она живёт в Новосибирске. – She lives in Novosibirsk. I guess it's a typo.
30. оно – it (referring to neuter noun) – Вот оно. – There it is. Another typo. :)
31. это – this/that/it - Это пицца. – It’s pizza.
32. а – and/but – Она живёт во Владивостоке, а он живёт в Москве. – She lives in Vladivostok, and he lives in Moscow.
33. вот – there/here – Вот она. – Here/there she is.
34. да – yes – Да, я знаю. Yes, I know.
35. добрый день – good day - Добрый день, Елена Ивановна. – Good day, Elena Ivanovna.
36. до свидания – goodbye - До свидания, мой друг. – Goodbye, my friend.
37. здравствуйте – hello – Здравствуйте, Ваня. – Hello, Vanya.
38. нет – no – Нет, Я не говорю по-русски. – No, I don’t speak Russian.
39. пожалуйста – please/here you are//don’t mention it – Два, пожалуйста. - Two, please.
40. простите – excuse me – Простите, где метро? – Excuse me, where’s the metro?
41. спасибо – thank you - Большое спасибо. – Many thanks.

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Originally Posted by Basil77

Sorry, but I forgot almost all the stuff about cases since school. :oops: So it's hard for me to explain. Moreover I never new English names for the cases. :) As far as I concern "рубли" here в Родительном падеже (Genetive?): пять (чего?) рублей. Only пять in nominative. In the meaning "five of roubles" ("like five of a kind" in poker :) ). And Сибирь as far as I can guess в Винительном (?) падеже: Еду (во что?) в Сибирь.
I'm not sure about my explanation, maybe someone with better knowlege of grammar will explain better, but you can be certain I'v corrected your sentences properly. :wink:

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I'll jump in here. I've developed a more mathematical and structural understanding of Russian as a crutch since I'll probably never have the same intuitive control that native speakers do.

@Pretty Butterfly -- The case system after numbers in Russian seems pretty strange at first.

When the number's final digit is "1", you use the nominative case.
одна красивая бабочка, for example
сорок один стол
двадцать один день
etc

When the final digit is 2, 3, or 4, the noun takes genitive singular
два мальчика
три яйца
тридцать четыре машины

But when the final digit is 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 0, the noun takes genitive plural
пять книг
шесть слогов
восемьдесять друзей

Exception: all of the "teens" (anything that ends in -надцать, basically 11-19) use genitive plural too.


So to sum up: один рубль, два рубля, три рубля, четыре рубля, пять рублей, шесть рублей.....двадцать рублей, двадцать один рубль

Edit: D'oh!!

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Originally Posted by почемучка

восемьдесят_ друзей

Exception: all of the "teens" (anything that ends in -надцать, basically 11-19) use genitive plural too.


So to sum up: один рубль, два рубля, три рубля, четыре рубля, пять рублей, шесть рублей.....двадцать рублей, двадцать один рубль

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Some corrects.

Basil77 - thanks for the corrections!

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Originally Posted by почемучка

@Pretty Butterfly -- The case system after numbers in Russian seems pretty strange at first.

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I'll say! My first though on reading that was "Why, God, Why?!". But it will be ok once I've learned it and practiced it a bit, I think. Thanks very much for your explaination.

Regarding "во Владивостоке" - is it "во" not "в" because the first letter of Владивостоке is "В"? And is the "во" pronounced unstressed or stressed?

All of the other mistakes I understand why they were wrong.

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Regarding "во Владивостоке" - is it "во" not "в" because the first letter of Владивостоке is "В"? And is the "во" pronounced unstressed or stressed?

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Yes and also because the 2nd letter "л" is consonant so when trying to quickly say "в Владивостоке" the preposition may be lost. Compare "во Владивостоке" and "в Витебске".
And "во" is unstressed (almost always except may be in some obsolent expressions like in song "Во поле берёза стояла")