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In the image from the link given below, why do the endings of the words 'вода' and 'рис' change between the pictures on the left and the pictures on the right? Does it have to do something with the word 'нет'?
http://screencast.com/t/qxw7BmRY
Thanks!
У мальчиков вода - Nominative
У мальчиков нет воды - Genetive.
Yes, it is normal to use a different case (namely, the Genetive) in negative sentences in Russian, hence the endings are different.
Can you explain the Nominative and the Genitive cases? What are their purposes?
Thanks for all your help this morning :)
Russian cases are a big subject, too big for me to tackle in a single forum post. Try obtaining a good Russian grammar book. Pimsleur and Rosetta Stone may be great learning aids, but in order to master the Russian declension system, you really need a grammar book.
But for starters, you can read these:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_case
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominative_case
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitive_case
Please note that Russian has other grammatical cases as well.
Thanks again :) Looks like Wikipedia is a great resource for explaining all these literary technical terms that confuse me.
Get a book! :) Seriously though, get one (<new penguin russian> is a good start), you'll be completely lost without one because rosetta stone et al don't give you any details on the grammatical constructs you see, and there is a lot of grammar to learn, and it's not that simple. Ps - IMHO wikipedia sucks for beginners too.
I actually do have The New Penguin Russian course book. I like Rosetta Stone because I find that it helps me remember new words and phrases without having to think too much because it teaches through repetition, but my mind often wants to grasp the reasons behind why certain words and phrases are the way they are. That's when I turn to the Penguin book, but if I am not satisfied by what I find in there, I turn to this message board because the people here are very knowledgeably and helpful.
I found the explanation I was looking for in the book Russian For Dummies, pages 32-33:Quote:
Originally Posted by translationsnmru
The main function of the nominative case is to indicate the subject of
the sentence. It answers the question “Who or what is performing the action?”
Genitive case (along with indicating possession) is used to indicate an absence of somebody or something
when you combine it with the word нет.
Well done on your research :)
Probably the easiest way to think of the genitive case is to think of it as the word "of" in English. Objects of negative sentences are put in the genitive rather than the accusative. It is a bit like saying in English: We don't have any OF that. I find it easiest to use very literal translations in my mind as it helps me remember the grammatical forms, at least when they are new to me. So when you see a Russian sentence with a negated verb and a direct object (in the genitive) just translate it to yourself with the word "of" in front of the object and think "gee, those Russians sure talk funny."
That's what worked for me.
Then you can move on to the Russian forms where the subject of the sentence is in the dative case and the object in the nominative :)
You mean like this?Quote:
Originally Posted by paulb
"Ему не хотелось спать." = "It was not wanted to sleep for him."
That's interesting. Don't you occasionally have a list of such rules? :)
I don't have a list, but I was thinking about these:Quote:
Originally Posted by it-ogo
Мне нужен врач.
I need a doctor.
lit: To me is needed doctor.
Мне нравится Оля.
I like Olya.
lit. To me is pleasant Olya.
http://www.artbatov.ru/gallery/pics/1200347644.jpgQuote:
Originally Posted by SoftPretzel