About Past Gerund ...??

Perfective verbs only!
Remove –ть and add –в (–вшись for reflexive verbs):
• прочитать — прочитав (having read)
• открыть — открыв (having opened)
• почистить — почистив (having cleaned)
• вернуться — вернувшись (having returned)

N.B. some exceptions:
• войти — войдя (having entered)
• привести — приведя (having brought)

Meaning and usage:
Describes an action that has taken place before the action described by the main verb. Translates as: having done (negative = without having done), after doing ...
Прочитав твоё письмо, я положил его на стол и задумался.
After reading your letter I put it on the table and fell deep into thought.


I haven't understood adding –вшись for reflexive verb <- mean what???
. And can explain me what is reflexive verbs.../?? Thanx

If you don't know what reflexive verbs are, you shouldn't be tacheling participles yet.

Reflexive verbs are ones that end -ся in the infinitive

заниматься
нравиться
etc.

Reflexife verbs are those ending with -ся in Russian. You can find reflexive verbs in different languages:
For example, in Spanish a verb is reflexive when the subject and the object are the same.
I wash myself. (lavarse - wash oneself)
subject: I
verb: wash
object: myself
Since the subject and object are the same, the verb is reflexive.
I wash the car.
subject: I
verb: wash
object: car
Since the subject and object are different, the verb is not reflexive.

In Russian -ся is used like "myself" word.
мыть = to wash (not reflexive) Я мою машину = I wash the car
мыться = to wash oneself (reflexive)
Я моюсь = I wash myself

In your example вернуть means "to give back, to bring back, to return smth", while вернуться means "to come back" (to bring oneself back, to return)

"-вшись for reflexive verbs" means that "Remove –ть and add –в" rule doesn't work for reflexive verbs... вернуться --> вернувшись

TATY has a point there harmonica. You should really learn basic phrases and simple grammar (accusative, prepositional), before you get into gerunds and participles. If you start with the hard stuff, it will just get you more confused. Just a word to the wise...

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by saibot

TATY has a point there harmonica. You should really learn basic phrases and simple grammar (accusative, prepositional), before you get into gerunds and participles. If you start with the hard stuff, it will just get you more confused. Just a word to the wise...

---

Yeh, I just realised that harmonica barely knows the nom. plural. This is like one of the last point of grammar you be learning.

Oh, in fact I learned all about cases, noun, adj, verb....but I forget it easily.... :P :oops:

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by harmonica

Oh, in fact I learned all about cases, noun, adj, verb....but I forget it easily.... :P :oops:

---

And how long did it take you to learn all that?

If you have forgotten all of that, then you must have not spent enough time on it. I suggest reviewing and working on one specific case for one specific gender of nouns for like a week at a time. Practice until you can SEE them in your head when you sleep. Then you'll know it's time to move on...

thanx for all, I'll review ... :D