Please correct and detail my mistakes with explanation, please

The Congress System has been roundly condemned by many hisorians as a tool of reaction.

Case is Past Imperfective since it began in the past and still continued to the past ..:wacko:

Congress System is nominative.
Since System is feminine last letter is 'a'.

'by many historians' is dative since it answers by whom or by what.

'as a tool of reaction' is instrumental since it answers 'how'


Конгресса Система обршился осуждало по многые историкям как инструментом в реакцью.


система - feminine

историкям - masculine

инструментом - masculine

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Originally Posted by heartfelty

The Congress System has been roundly condemned by many hisorians as a tool of reaction.

Case is Past Imperfective since it began in the past and still continued to the past ..:wacko:

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Do you mean "tense"?

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Originally Posted by heartfelty

Congress System is nominative.

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That's correct

Quote:

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Originally Posted by heartfelty

'by many historians' is dative since it answers by whom or by what.

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"by" most of the time means instrumental case as in here

Quote:

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Originally Posted by heartfelty

'as a tool of reaction' is instrumental since it answers 'how'

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this is incorrect and I'm not sure why instrumental answers "how".
And also "a tool of reaction" is "what" per my understanding
It is nominative here

AFAIK - The Congress System is this specific thing - Concert of Europe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
And in Russian it is translated as Система Европейского концерта or Венская система международных отношений

Система Европейского концерта была резко осуждена (или резко осуждаема) многими историками как инструмент реакции

BTW I have no idea what "a tool of reaction" could possibly mean

I'm just curious, based off the several posts of yours that I have seen, are you trying to translate this book into Russian?

I am not. I just translate very very few passages. Besides, it would be good to translate all of them if I can. I intend to teach this in secondary school or university. No, no intentions of translating the whole book.

Doomer,
It seems better to utilize present tense in Russian translation, no?
Система Европейского концерта резко осуждается многими историками как инструмент реакции.

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BTW I have no idea what "a tool of reaction" could possibly mean

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Реакция здесь, очевидно, как во фразе "ярый реакционер" :mosking:
Политическая реакция — Википедия