Your translation of "Вот опять уходит телка от меня от меня" as "Another girl has left me" is quite right.
But there also could be another meaning "My girlfriend is leaving me again".

"сэ ля ви" is French phrase written in Russian letters - ce la via - такова жизнь, "The life is like that".

After second "Потому, что нету денег ни рубля ни рубля":
There are no decent people among my friends
And I'm dressed as beggar (I really don't like how I'm dressed)
You are quite right about meaning of мудак