Quote Originally Posted by Misha Tal View Post
А завтра
снова
мир залить
вставало солнце а́ло.


What does "а́ло" mean here? Something like "Hi there"?
Already answered. Though I think it is not adverb here but a short-form adjective. Ало(short form) = алое (full form) = red.

2)
Но странная из солнца ясь
струилась...

What's "ясь"?
Neologism by Mayakovskiy. It can be understood intuitively. Compare to "ясно" = "clear": "ясь" = "clarity".

3)
Про то,
про это говорю,
что-де заела Роста

"Что-де заела Роста" is beyond me.
Роста = РосТА = "Российское телеграфное агенство" = "Russian Telegraph Agency". Mayakovsky worked for РосТА as a decorator artist: he was painting propaganda posters for РосТА.

So, as a first approach it can be translated as: "I say that I am sick of my job."

4)
«Пойдем, поэт,
взорим,
вспоем
у мира в сером хламе.
Я буду солнце лить свое,
а ты — свое,
стихами».

I wish I could understand a word of it.
Let's go, poet, let's (cry), let's sing among the gray garbage of the world. I will pour my light, you will pour yours - with your poems. (more or less)

5)
светить —
и никаких гвоздей!
Вот лозунг мой —
и солнца!

What does "никаких гвоздей" mean?
It is a set phrase: "и никаких гвоздей" = "and no complains" or "and no doubts".

Just when I was starting to feel I'm making progress in Russian, Mayakovsky punched giant holes in my confidence. If this is Russian, then what's that stuff I'd been reading all the while?
Mayakovskiy is among the poets who were making their own poetic languages. It is well understood intuitively if one knows Russian on the level of native speaker.

Edit: I am late.