Hmm, interesting. It may very well be that these figures are needed for statistics and statistics only, but I'm quite a bit surprised to learn this aspect of USA. For a country which fights for equality of race, ethnic-background and faith these questions stress on differences... Russia is also populated by about 180 different nationalities. In the times of Soviet Union we even had a special entry in our passports indicating the nationality. Now it's taken from there and the last population census questionnaire allowed us to enter any nationality... well, we even have Hobbits, Jedies and Elves now (I'm serious). Russia has many issues with nationalism, chauvenism and racism, but it tries to fight it by ignoring (with random success) the nationality of its subjects. US authorities, apparently, take them into account. Here are the two different approaches to similar problems.