Under this law I can give only one suggestion - shoot first
I personally think there are way too many guns in US in hands of people whose judgment is very questionable

I'll just give you an example. To get a handgun or a long gun (smoothbore or rifled) permit in Illinois (the sate with fairly strict firearms rules) and if you are older than 21 all what you need to do is to fill up application for permit (can be done online) and send it through mail for approval. That's basically it. No psychological or medical evaluation, no interview

And this is an example of Russian law
First of all - regular person cannot get a permit for handgun, at all
Second, permit for a long gun can only be given per gun basis. Basically you have to get a permit for each gun you are going to buy, separately
To get a permit a person goes through the following steps
1. Psychological evaluation
2. Drug screen and drug usage history evaluation
3. Medical evaluation
4. Applying for permit
5. Given permit allowing buying 1 smoothbore long gun in a half a year period. If person haven't bought a gun in half a year period then the person should re-apply for the permit
6. Purchased smoothbore long gun has to be registered using the same permit in the same organization which provided the permit.
7. Not earlier than in five years after registering a smoothbore long gun a person could apply for a permit for a rifled long gun